N5 Electricity & Energy Unit

Created by Mr. Twentyman

AC and DC

Oscilloscope

Voltage and Frequency

230V & 50Hz

Must cross zero line to be AC (i.e change direction of current flow).

Series / Parallel

Components wired ... one after another = SERIES.  Only 1 possible current path...

Components wired alongside one another = PARALLEL, more than 1 current path.

Components

Input devices

Output devices

Analogue / Digital devices

Meters 

Charge

Q = I x t

Static charge

measured in COULOMBS

Flowing Charges through conductor = Current

Circuit Laws

Series Current A1 = A2 = A3..

Series Voltage  Vx = V1 + V2

Parallel Current A1 = A2 + A3

Parallel Voltage Vs = V1 = V2

Potential Difference

Electric Fields

Charge attraction

+ poit charge

Work Done (E) = Charge (Q) x Voltage (V)

Gas Laws & Kinetic Theory

Volume

Pressure

Temperature in KELVINS

Boyles Law

Charles Law

Pressure Temp Law

Volume/Temp --> Kelvin scale

degree C - 273K

Electronics

AND

NOT

OR

Truth Tables

Symbols

Combined logic gates and circuit symbols

Combining Resistances

Total R in Series = R1 + R2 + ...

1/Total R in Parallel  = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...

Transistor Switching Circuits

NPN Transistors

MOSFET transistor

Generation of Electricity

Where our electricity comes from

Different methods of generating

Specific Heat Capacity

Temperature change

MAterial specific

per 1kg mass

E = mc(T2-T1)

Pressure

Pressure = Force/Area

= Pascal or Nm^-2

Kinetic explanation of gas pressure

Meters

Ammeter - Current - in series

Voltmeter - Voltage - in parallel

Ohmmeter - Resistance

Practical Circuits

Dynamo

Properties of Matter

Resistance

Combining SERIES resistors

Combining Parallel resistors

Electricity & Energy Unit

Ohm's Law

V = I * R

Circuit - Graph - Gradient = resistance

Ohmic and Non-Ohmic resistors

Electromagnetism

Magnets

Magnetic Fields

Coils of current carrying wire

Devices - motors, speakers, microphones, relays

Power

 P = E/t

Watts  1 W = 1J/1s

Rating Plates and Fuse Ratings

P = IV

P = I²R

P = V²/R

P = I x V

P = I² x R

P = V²/R

Latent Heat

Fusion

Vaporisation

No temp change but MIST be STATE change

Melting Point / Boiling Point

Potential Dividers

V2 = (R2/(R1 + R2))Vs

V2/V1 = R2/R1

Sensors in dividers = input stage

LDR and Thermistors

Types of Generator

Thermal - Coal, Oil & Gas

Wind, wave, solar, biomass, geothermal

hydroelectric

Nuclear

Themal - Coal, Oil, Gas

Nuclear

Hydro & Pumped Hydro

Geo-thermal

Bio ma

Wave & Tidal

Nuclear Power Stations

Fission Reaction - Chain reaction

Reactor key parts - fuel rods, control rods, moderator, coolant, containment vessel

Fusion Reaction

Chain Reaction

Fusion Reaction

Transformers

Primary Coil

Core

Secondary Coil

Voltage on Primary/Voltage on Secondary = number of turns on primary/nmber of turns on secondary.

Vp/Vs = np/ns

Vprimary = N turns primary

Vsecondary   N. turns secondary

Protection Resistors

Transistor Switching Circuits

NPN

MOSFET

Output stages

Applications and circuit explanation

Efficiency

Efficiency = Energy Out/Total Energy In * 100%

Distribution of Electricity

Step up and down transformers

Pylons from power station to sub stations