Created by Mgr. Jaroslava Študentová
A boom in building (theatres (The National Theatre), banks, concert halls – Rudolfinum, schools, museums, villas, palaces)
Realism - Realism tries to depict reality objectively, without subjectivity.
Realism appeared in France in the late 18th and early 19th century. Nevertheless, the realistic tendences are even in the Prehistoric times (cave paintings), in old Greece and Rome and in Baroque as well (baroque realism – Caravaggio)
Realism started to be popular with the introduction of photography.
Subjectivity /sabžektiviti/ subjektivita
Against /əgeijnst/ proti
Introduction of / introdakšən/ představení
Contemporary /kontemporəri/ soudobý
Poverty / pavəti/ chudoba
Genes /dži:nz/ geny
Were consider vulgar / və kənsidəd valgə/ byly považovány za vulgární
Social issue /səušəl išu:/ sociální problémy
A self-taught painter /ə self to:t/ malíř samouk
The rural life /ru:rəl laif/ venkovský život
Debt /det/ dluh
Figurative compositions /figju:rətiv konpozišən/ figurální kompozice
Naturalism is an extreme Realism, very pessimistic
The Naturalists believe that a person is influenced mainly by the society and genes
We cannot influence our lives much. We are deeply influenced by the social background and our genes. If you are born in a poor family, you will be poor and uhappy for the rest of your life. If your father was an alcoholic, you can't avoid being an alcoholic
They write about the bad sides of human life – alcoholism, drugs, prostitution, poverty…
Realism was strongly against Romanticism. Realists wanted to depict the real, hard life and the real people and their real troubles.
They depicted reality and were against romantic ideals
Objectivity was typical – the atuhor describes the reality. There is no imagination, no fantasy.
Realists are not interested in history, they prefer contemporary problems (alcoholism, prostitution, hard life, poverty)
We cannot find realism in poetry
Everyday subjects - they depicted people at work, social problems – later new style appeared – naturalism)
Painters depict hard life of ordinary people, of poor people
They also paint in plain air or they paint still lifes.
Portraits
a French painter, graphic and sculptor.He is known for his cartoons and satirical litographs He made fun of 19th-century French politics and society. He was imprisoned and sent to a mental hospital because the politicians didn't like his work. Nevertheless, his paintings helped introduce techniques of Impressionism into modern art.
Don Quixote,The Lawyers, the series of drawings from the carriages (vagón)
Gustave Courbert: He did not study painting at university. He was a self-taught painter. He painted figurative compositions, landscapes, seascapes, and still-lifes.
He was considered to be controversial because he depicted social issues in his work, and painted subjects that were considered vulgar, such as farmers or poor people
Stone-Breakers (Lamači kamene), A Burial at Ornans, The Artist's Studio,The Origin of the World and so on
Honoré de Balzac is one of the creators of Realism in literature. His Human Comedy contains more than 90 novels and short stories. He wanted to depict the realities of life in modern France. He was able to write for up to 15 hours a day drinking a lot of cups of black coffee. (He had some debts and needed to earn money)
Eugenie Grandet
Lost Illusions
Father Goriot
Gustave Flaubert : Madame Bovary
Guy de Maupassant: A writer and journalist
Wrote novels and short stories
He depicted the life of prostitues and wanted to show that even a prostitute can have moral qualities (sometimes his prostitues behaved better than moral citiziens)
Ball of Fat (Kulička)
Emile Zola: a representative of Naturalism
Nana
UK:
Charles Dickens: He wrote about his hard childhood. His heroes are usually children without home and parents, adults often behave bade to them
David Copperfield – authobiographical features
Jane Austen – she wrote stories for women. BTW, still worth reading
USA:
Mark Twain: he wrote satirical books. He critised American society
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Czech lands: Havlíček, Němcová, Rais, Baar Russia: Tolstoj
a father of Impressionism but we can see features of realism in his works
Luncheon on the Grass , Olympia - very controversial paintings which inspired a lot of young artists of his time
We consider his works as the beginning of modern art
They settled near Barbizon in 1825. They painted the landscape around Barbizon. Their works influenced impressionism. Their Bohemian life style was really scandalous.
was an important realist. He depicted the rural life and hard workThe Gleaners (Sběračky klásků)
A group of French landscape painters who depicted everyday life in a village. They painted en plain air which means in the open air. Impressionism was inspired by the school.
The school was called Barbizon because of the village where the artists live. Its landscape was really charming.
The founder of the school was Theodore ROusseau and the school was inspired by the old Dutch masters and English landscape painters, mainly by John Constable.
