Created by Mgr. Jaroslava Študentová
in Germany.
They wanted to rebuild the country, to renovate it because Germany was destroyed after WWI. New, rational houses for workers.
Walter Gropius (the first head), Mies van der Rohe (the second one)
They wanted to use principles of Classical architecture without ornamentation.
Bauhaus buildings have flat roofs, smooth facades, and cubic shapes. Colors are white, gray, beige, or black. Floor plans are open and furniture is functional.
When the Nazis got the power, the school was closed, a lot of architects emigrated.
Bohuslav Fuchs, Adolf Loos, Pavel Janák, Jiří Kroha or Karel Honzík
Sullivan, Corbusier, Wright, Gropius, van der Rohe, Johnson
Function is the most important, form is not that improtant.
not very decorated - no ornaments, no eaves, smooth facades
expensive, luxury material (marble, expensive stone like onyx, luxury wood)
the building included a lot of high-tech equipment
Frank Lloyd Wright (1867 – 1959),the greatest American architect of all time, (he built more than Mies, Le Corbusier and Gropius combined) influenced the work of the European modernists but he didn't want to be compared to them. He was afraid that other architects copied his ideas. Wright influenced both Gropius (founder of the Bauhaus) and van der Rohe.
a lot of teacher cooperated with Bauhaus
Fuchs designed a new school building which was never built because of the crisis before WWII
Villa Tugendhat is his masterpiece. It was built/ between the years 1928-1930 in Brno, for Fritz Tugendhat and his wife Greta and became an icon of modernarchitecture.
It is a classic example of functionalism. His interiors are spacious and light. He also designed all furniture (two types of armchair designed for the building, the Tugendhat chair and the Brno chair, are still in production). There were no paintings or decorative details but you can find there very expensive materials such as the fascinating onyx wall and rare tropical woods. There is also a magificient view from the villa.
Mies van der Rohe used the luxurious materials, very modern technologies - of heating, ventilation, etc. The villa is also quite large for a family house.
Fritz and Greta Tugendhat, who were Jewish, left Czechoslovakia with their children in 1938, shortly after the Munich Agreement. They never returned. The house was used as a part of the hospital or dancing school for several decades after World War II.
In 1992 the political leaders of Czechoslovakia met there to sign the document that divided the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Since 1994 the villa has been open to the public as a museum.
Villa Tugendhat has been a World Heritage Site of UNESCO since 2001.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886 – 1969) was a German-American architect, the masters of Modern architecture. His style is simple, clear and very functional. He used modern materials such as steel and plate glass. He is often associated with the saying"less is more" and "God is in the details.
Hotel Avion (The Avion Hotel), Husův sbor na Botanické ulici (Jan Hus Congregation), Výstaviště (The Exhibition Centre), Městské krematorium na Ústředním hřbitově (municipal crematorium at the central cemetery), Městské lázně v Zábrdovicích (city spa) Kolonie Nový dům v Žabovřeskách, and many others.