Created by Petra Bydžovská
The Czech Republic at one sight
The Czech Republic, also known by its short-form name, Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast and Slovakia to the southeast.
The Czech Republic covers a total surface area of 30,450 square miles (78,865 square kilometers), which ranks 118th in the world in terms of size.
The country's population density is 347 people per square mile (134 people per square kilometre), which ranks 62nd in the world.
3 out of every 4 people living in the Czech Republic live within, or very close to, a metropolitan area. The capital and largest city of the Czech Republic is Prague with an estimated 1.3 million people, with a metropolitan population of 2.7 million. Prague is not only the capital of the Czech Republic, but is also widely considered a European capital because of its culture, arts, industry, architecture, and history. Other major cities include Brno (386,000 city, 730,000 metro) and Ostrava (305,000 city, 1.1 million metro).
Castles, chateaux, twelve UNESCO monuments and historical cities are some of the most popular trip destinations in the Czech Republic. Come and see the winding lanes with their magical atmosphere, medieval ramparts and romantic corners.
Ancient times are combined with the modern present in several locations. Or can your holidays not do without hiking or cycling trips? Indulge yourself in unforgettable experiences and set out to wander around the picturesque countryside.
The Czech mountains offer a great number of experiences in summer and in winter. Finally dont forget the Czech spas some of the most popular in the world.
The road network in the Czech Republic is 55,653 km (34,581.17 mi) long.
There are 1,232 km of motorways as of 2017. The speed limit is 50 km/h within towns, 90 km/h outside of towns and 130 km/h on motorways.
The Czech Republic has the densest rail network in the world with 9,505 km (5,906.13 mi) of tracks. Of that number, 2,926 km (1,818.13 mi) is electrified, 7,617 km (4,732.98 mi) are single-line tracks and 1,866 km (1,159.48 mi) are double and multiple-line tracks. České dráhy (the Czech Railways) is the main railway operator in the Czech Republic, with about 180 million passengers carried yearly. Maximum speed is limited to 160 km/h. In 2006 seven Italian tiltingtrainsets Pendolino ČD Class 680 entered service.
The Czech region was inhabited by Celtic tribes Boii for the first four centuries of the first millennium.
The Celts gave way to post-Roman Germanic tribes. Later, Slavs arrived and, in the 9th century they founded the Great Moravian Empire, stretching from Germany to the Ukraine.
After the fall of Great Moravia the Bohemian Duchy (later Kingdom) was formed, creating a territorial unit almost identical to the modern Czech Republic. The rise of the Habsburgs led to the Czech lands becoming a part of the Austrian Empire, and later Austria-Hungary, and a massive influx of German immigrants.
After the First World War, the closely related Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire formed the new nation of Czechoslovakia.
During the interwar years, the new country's leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Sudeten Germans and the Hungarians. A poor relationship with the German minority (20% of the overall population) was a particular problem that was capitalized on by Adolf Hitler and used as 'rationale' for the dismemberment of the nation before the outbreak of World War II. The country was annexed and brutally occupied by Germany during the war.
After World War II, Czechoslovakia expelled most of its Germans by force and many of the ethnic Hungarians after the Potsdam Conference. However, the nation was very blessed in the fact that it emerged from the war more or less physically intact as it avoided the fate of the massive air bombardments and invasions that levelled most of the historic neighbouring cities in Germany, Austria, Poland and Belarus.
The country fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and remained so by force of arms until 1989 .
In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize Communist party rule and create 'socialism with a human face'. Anti-Soviet demonstrations the following year ushered in a period of harsh repression and conservatism within the party ranks called 'normalisation'. In November 1989, the communist government was deposed in a peaceful Velvet Revolution.
On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a 'velvet divorce' into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
A member of NATO since 1999 and the EU since 2004, the Czech Republic has moved toward integration in world markets, a development that poses both opportunities and risks, however unemployment and population decline are rampant in the Czech countryside due to better job opportunities in the large cities like Prague.
The Czech flag is the same one that was used by Czechoslovakia. It was readopted in 1993.
| Samo's Empire | 631–658 | ||
| Great Moravia | 830s–907 | ||
 | Duchy of Bohemia | 880s–1198 | |
 | Kingdom of Bohemia | 1198–1918 | |
 | Margraviate of Moravia | 1182–1918 | |
 | Duchies of Silesia | 1335–1742 | |
 | Austrian Silesia | 1742–1918 | |
 | Crown of Bohemia | 1348–1918 | |
 | part of the Holy Roman Empire | 1002–1806 | |
 | part of the Austrian Empire | 1804–1867 | |
 | part of Austria-Hungary | 1867–1918 | |
 | First Czechoslovak Republic | 1918–1939 | |
  | Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (protectorate of Nazi Germany) | 1939–1945 | |
| Czechoslovakia | 1945–1992 | |
| Czech Republic | 1993–present
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Production of Czech electricity exceeds consumption by about 10 TWh per year, which are exported.
Nuclear power presently provides about 30 percent of the total power needs, its share is projected to increase to 40 percent. In 2005, 65.4 percent of electricity was produced by steam and combustion power plants (mostly coal); 30 percent by nuclear plants; and 4.6 percent from renewable sources, including hydropower.
The largest Czech power resource is Temelín Nuclear Power Station, another nuclear power plant is in Dukovany.
The most important sectors of the Czech Republic’s economy in 2018 were industry (30.2%), wholesale and retail trade, transport, accommodation and food services (19.2%) and public administration, defence, education, human health and social work activities (15.5%).
Intra-EU trade accounts for 84% of the Czech Republic’s exports (Germany 32%, Slovakia 8% and Poland 6%), while outside the EU 2% goes to both the United States and Russia.
In terms of imports, 76% come from EU Member States (Germany 29%, Poland 9% and Slovakia 6%), while outside the EU 8% come from China and 2% from the United States.
The Czech Republic has a developed, high-income export-oriented social market economy based in services, manufacturing and innovation, that maintains a welfare state and the European social model.
The Czech Republic participates in the European Single Market as a member of the European Union, and is, therefore, a part of the economy of the European Union, but uses its own currency, the Czech koruna, instead of the Euro.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Inventor of the word Robot
is a Czech plastic surgeon. He led the team that performed the first full-face transplant in the United States and the third overall in the world.
Heyrovský was the inventor of the polarographic method, father of the electroanalytical method, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in 1959 for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis. His main field of work was polarography.
America first Czech Republic fifty first?
The Czech lands (Česko [ˈtʃɛskɔ] in Czech) consist of three historical lands:
Bohemia (Čechy),
Moravia (Morava) and Czech Silesia (Slezsko).
Traditional Czech food is hearty and suitable after a hard day in the fields. It is heavy and quite fatty, and is excellent in the winter. In the recent time there was a tendency towards more light food with more vegetables, now the traditional heavy and fatty Czech food is usually not eaten everyday and some people avoid it entirely.
However nothing goes as well with the excellent Czech beer as some of the best examples of the traditional Czech cuisine, like pork, duck, or goose with knedlíky (dumplings) and sauerkraut.
10 Traditional Czech Dishes You Need To Try
A traditional main meal of a day (usually lunch) consists of two or three dishes.
The first dish is hot soup (polévka).
The second dish is the most important part, very often based on some meat and side-dish (both served on the same plate).
The third, optional part is either something sweet (and coffee) or small vegetable salad or something similar.
This hearty Czech food is a dish of roasted duck with red cabbage and dumplings or with sauerkraut.
The ingredients combine to form a dish that’s got a little of everything when it comes to flavor. There is saltiness, richness, tanginess, and sweetness in every bite.
Roasted duck or roasted goose is very popular in the Czech Republic. These cooked birds are eaten regularly by families at the dinner table, but also served on special occasions such as New Year’s Eve.
Ther first pilsner type of pale lager beer.
The Czech Republic is the country where modern beer (pivo in Czech) was invented (in Plzeň). Czechs are the heaviest beer drinkers in the world, drinking about 160 litres of it per capita per year. Going to a cosy Czech pub for dinner and a few beers is a must!
The best-known export brands are Pilsner Urquell (Plzeňský Prazdroj), Budweiser Budvar (Budějovický Budvar) and Staropramen (freely translatable as 'Oldspring'). Other major brands which are popular domestically include Gambrinus, Kozel, Bernard (a small traditional brewery, with very high quality beer), Radegast, and Starobrno (made in Brno, the capital of Moravia).
Other fantastic beers worth tasting are Svijany and Dobřanská Hvězda.
Although many Czechs tend to be very selective about beer brands, tourists usually don't find a significant difference. And remember, real Czech beer is only served on tap – bottled beer is a completely different experience.
High-quality beer can almost certainly be found in a hospoda or hostinec, very basic pubs which serve only beer and light snacks. Take a seat and order your drinks when the waiter comes to you - going to the bar to order your drinks is a British custom! But beware, the handling of the beer is even more important than its brand.
A bad bartender can completely ruin even excellent beer. Best bet is to ask local beer connoiseurs about a good pub or just join them.
Beers are sometimes listed by their original sugar content, which is measured in degrees Plato (P/°). The difference is generally apparent in the final alcohol content. Normal beer is about 10° (such as Gambrinus and Staropramen, which results in 4% ABV), lager 12° (such as Pilsner Urquell, which results in about 4.75% ABV).
The latter is stronger and more expensive, so you should specify which one you want when you order.
Czech lager is nothing like the fizzy lagers found in many other countries. Instead, it has a very strong, hoppy, almost bitter flavour, and goes very well with heavy dishes like duck or pork and dumplings or strong cheeses.
It always has a thick head on the top when it is served, but do not be afraid to drink 'through' it, it is fun and it slowly disappears anyway, nevertheless do not drink the beer too slowly as the fresh cold taste (especially in hot summers) quickly fades – the 'true' Czech connoisseurs do not even finish this 'tepid goat,' as they call it.
The right beer bought in shops is only in half-litre brown glass bottles with sheet-crown cap. Experienced earthy beer drinkers drink it directly from the bottle. Some breweries distribute also big (two-litre or 1.5 litre) plastic bottles but they are considered a bit barbarian and degraded by Czechs, and the better breweries ridicule such form. Also sheet-can beer is perceived as an alien.
beef sirloin with a creamy root vegetable (carrot, celeriac, parsnip) sauce, served with a tablespoon of cranberry sauce, a slice of orange and whipped cream;
vepřo knedlo zelo is basically roasted pork with dumplings and a side of pickled cabbage.
Brno is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic after the main capital, Prague, and one of the 100 largest cities of the EU. The Brno metropolitan area has more than 600,000 inhabitants.
Brno is the former capital city of Moravia and the political and cultural hub of the South Moravian Region.
It is the centre of the Czech judiciary, with the seats of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office, and a number of state authorities, including the Ombudsman, and the Office for the Protection of Competition. Brno is also an important centre of higher education, with 33 faculties belonging to 13 institutes of higher education and about 89,000 students.
Brno Exhibition Centre ranks among the largest exhibition centres in Europe. The complex opened in 1928 and established the tradition of large exhibitions and trade fairs held in Brno.
Brno hosts motorbike and other races on the Masaryk Circuit, a tradition established in 1930, in which the Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix is one of the most prestigious races. Another cultural tradition is an international fireworks competition, Ignis Brunensis, that attracts tens of thousands of daily visitors.
The most visited sights of the city include the Špilberk castle and fortress and the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul on Petrov hill, two medieval buildings that dominate the cityscape and are often depicted as its traditional symbols. The other large preserved castle near the city is Veveří Castle by Brno Reservoir.
Another architectural monument of Brno is the functionalist Villa Tugendhat which has been included on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. One of the natural sights nearby is the Moravian Karst. The city is a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network and has been designated as a "City of Music" in 2017
There are many tourist attractions and important places in Prague.
is a city in the Czech Republic.
About 90 kilometres (56 miles) west of Prague in western Bohemia, it is the fourth most populous city in the Czech Republic with about 175,000 inhabitants.
The city is known worldwide for Pilsner beer, created by Bavarian brewer Josef Groll here in 1842.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Tugendhat
Villa Tugendhat is an architecturally significant building in Brno, Czech Republic. It is one of the pioneering prototypes of modern architecture in Europe and was designed by the German architects Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich. Built of reinforced concrete between 1928 and 1930 for Fritz Tugendhat and his wife Greta, the villa soon became an icon of modernism.
The villa was a principal location in the 2007 film Hannibal Rising, serving as the villa of the villain, Vladis Gutas. Simon Mawer's 2009 Booker Prize-shortlisted novel, The Glass Room, is a fictional account of a house inspired by the villa.
The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. It is run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and Kosmos Holding and is contested annually between teams from competing countries in a knock-out format.
It is described by the organisers as the "World Cup of Tennis", and the winners are referred to as the World Champion team.
The women's equivalent of the Davis Cup is the Fed Cup. Australia, the Czech Republic, and the United States are the only countries to have won both Davis Cup and Fed Cup titles in the same year.
Czechoslovakia's Věra Čáslavská won 11 total Olympic medals, the second-most of any female gymnast. She won one in 1960, four in 1964, and six in 1968. She won the individual all-around golds in 1964 and 1968.
She got married during the Olympics in Mexico.
List_of_Olympic_medal_leaders_in_women
Věra Čáslavská 3 May 1942 – 30 August 2016) was a Czechoslovak artistic gymnast and Czech sports official. She won a total of 22 international titles between 1959 and 1968 including seven Olympic gold medals, four world titles and eleven European championships. Čáslavská is the most decorated Czech gymnast in history and is one of only two female gymnasts, along with Soviet Larisa Latynina, to win the all-around gold medal at two consecutive Olympics.
In addition to her gymnastics success, Čáslavská was known for her outspoken support of the Czechoslovak democratization movement and her opposition to the 1968 Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia.
At the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, she took this protest to the world stage by quietly looking down and away while the Soviet national anthem was played during the medal ceremonies for the balance beam and floor exercise event finals. In another notable incident in the gymnastics competition, while standing on the medal podium after the balance beam event final, in which Natalia Kuchinskaya of the Soviet Union had controversially taken the gold, Czechoslovakian gymnast Věra Čáslavská quietly turned her head down and away during the playing of the Soviet national anthem. The action was Čáslavská's silent protest against the recent Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.
Her protest was repeated when she accepted her medal for her floor exercise routine when the judges changed the preliminary scores of the Soviet Larisa Petrik to allow her to tie with Čáslavská for the gold. While Čáslavská's countrymen supported her actions and her outspoken opposition to Soviet control (she had publicly signed and supported Ludvik Vaculik's "Two Thousand Words" manifesto), the new regime responded by banning her from both sporting events and international travel for many years and made her an outcast from society until the fall of communist regime in Czechoslovakia.
While Čáslavská's actions were applauded by her compatriots, they resulted in her becoming a persona non grata in the new regime. She was forced into retirement and for many years was denied the right to travel, work and attend sporting events.
Čáslavská's situation improved in the 1980s after the intervention of members of the International Olympic Committee, and following the Velvet Revolution her status improved dramatically. During the 1990s she held several positions of honor, including a term as president of the Czech Olympic Committee.
The Billie Jean King Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995, then as the Fed Cup until September 2020, when it was renamed after Billie Jean King.
The women's equivalent of the Davis Cup is the Fed Cup. Australia, the Czech Republic, and the United States are the only countries to have won both Davis Cup and Fed Cup titles in the same year.
Barbora Špotáková is a Czech track and field athlete who competes in the javelin throw.
She is a two-time Olympic Champion and three-time World Champion, as well as the current world record holder with a throw of 72.28 m.
Bronze medalist from the Olympic Games in 2016.
Warhorse was founded by Dan Vávra (Mafia, Mafia 2) and Martin Klíma (Dragon's Lair, UFO trilogy).
They are a new independent game studio based in Prague, but our team consists of experienced veterans who have a number of successful titles with millions of pieces sold and many awards. They have a strong partner behind us, which gives them independence and the opportunity to work on the projects they really want to do, in the way they consider the best.
Josef Průša has been designing and building 3D printers since 2009. All of his work in this area is open source (freely available for any use) under the RepRap project, an international project of a community of hundreds of developers and tens of thousands of users. The Prusa i3 printer is probably the most widespread printer on the planet, Prusa research supplies it assembled or as a kit, so each user can adapt it to their needs and possibilities and continuously upgrade.
Průšovy printers are equipped with many original improvements (automatic calibration, heated pad) and can be partially replicated, ie. print components to other printers. However, their expansion is also helped by their price, which is now at the level of a better mobile phone.
The MEB platform of the VISION E concept represents the most modern electric mobile system in the history of ŠKODA. The fully electric car is equipped with a high-capacity lithium-ion battery.
The battery is synchronized with two magnetic motors integrated in parallel with the front and rear axles, thanks to which it distributes the adaptive all-wheel drive with immediate acceleration and an impressive range of 500 km. VISION E acts as a mobile device on four wheels.
The personalized interface, which covers the entire dashboard, allows for smooth interaction supported by eye tracking and voice or gesture control.
Visualization of Škoda Vision E - interior; Skoda car
The system provides the driver with information on air quality inside and outside the car and monitors its vital functions. The autopilot can monitor traffic, adjust indicators, overtake and park while the user sits in the swivel seat, and watches the outside world through windows, uninterrupted side pillars. Interior lighting with crystalline elements is designed to supply energy during every ride. This is the future of Skoda. Supposedly since 2020. Clever!
Špilberk Castle is a castle on the hilltop in Brno, Southern Moravia. Its construction began as early as the first half of the 13th century by the Přemyslid kings and complete by King Ottokar II of Bohemia.
From a major royal castle established around the mid-13th century, and the seat of the Moravian margraves in the mid-14th century, it was gradually turned into a huge baroque citadel considered the harshest prison in the Austrian Empire, and then into barracks.
This prison had always been part of the Špilberk fortress and is frequently referenced by the main character, Fabrizio, in Stendahl's novel, "The Charterhouse of Parma."
Ester Ledecká was the first athlete ever to compete in 2 sports at one game and to become the first athlete to win both ski & snowboard Olympic gold at the Winter Olympics in PyeongChang 2018:
He is the only person to win the 5,000 metres (24 July 1952), 10,000 metres (20 July 1952) and Marathon (27 July 1952), in the same Olympic Games.
Emil Zátopek ( 19 September 1922 – 21 November 2000) was a Czechoslovak long-distance runner best known for winning three gold medals at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He won gold in the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres runs, but his final medal came when he decided at the last minute to compete in the first marathon of his life. He was nicknamed the "Czech Locomotive".
Zátopek was selected for the Czechoslovak national team for the 1946 European Championships in Oslo and finished fifth in the 5,000 m in 14:25.8, breaking his own Czechoslovak record of 14:50.2.
At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, Zátopek won the 10,000 m and finished second behind Gaston Reiff from Belgium during a driving rainstorm in the 5,000 m.
In 1954, Zátopek was the first runner to break the 29-minute barrier in the 10,000 metres. Three years earlier in 1951, he had broken the hour for running 20 km. He was considered one of the greatest runners of the 20th century and was also known for his brutally tough training methods. He was the originator of interval training and hypoventilation training.
In February 2013, the editors at Runner's World Magazine selected him as the Greatest Runner of All Time.
Classic highlights from the Helsinki 1952 Olympic Games as Czech Emil Zátopek becomes the only person ever to win the 5,000m, 10,000m and marathon events at one Olympic Games.
The guy was a Mammoth. At the time of the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki he had no match in the 10 000 meters. However he wanted to run the 5000 metres as well. He believed his kick wasn't fast enough to win the 5000 m. So 6 months before the 1952 Olympics he started a rigouris routine. So worried about his kick that on one particular day, (this is mind blowing) he ran the 400meters 100 TIMES!! That is fucking insane. After winning gold in both races he decided to enter into the marathon. He'd never ran a marathon before so his strategy was simple. He'd run side by side with the current world record holder. And Zatopek WON!
The Czech company Festka is moving the construction of bicycle frames to the level of space research. It builds super-light wheels using graphene, which is a very light, strong and flexible form of carbon used in aerospace. In their development, it cooperates with the European Space Agency and the Czech Technical University.
Festka is one of the most expensive manufacturers in the world, because the development of each model costs millions of crowns. The company uses progressive materials to construct the frames. In the case of a carbon frame, one starts with pure carbon fiber from which the tubes are made. Each frame is mounted by hand and passes through 32 pairs of skilled human hands within 32 hours of its creation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfjGsEyddl8
Zetor (since January 1, 2007, officially Zetor Tractors a.s.) is a brand of tractors, trademark and Czech manufacturer based in Brno, Líšeň. Since June 29, 2002, the only shareholder is a Slovak Company HTC Holding. The company manufactures farming tractors and tractor components (engines or transmissions).
Zetor is the world's first manufacturer to develop and launch production of tractor safety cabins. In the 70-year-long history, Zetor has sold over 1.3 million tractors. Currently, Zetor portfolio includes six model ranges with power from 40 to 160 hp.
Abroad, Zetor is represented through seven affiliations in North America, the UK, France, Germany, Poland, Slovakia and India. In 2015, 86% of the total production of the company headed to foreign countries. In addition to traditional markets such as Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Germany, also to the UK, France, Ireland and Lithuania
the most successful person is Martina Sablikova in speed skating, she competed in 3 Olympic games ( 2010, 2014 and 2018) and has won 7 medals.
Three major personal automobile manufacturers which are present in the Czech Republic are Škoda Auto (Volkswagen group) which is based in Mlada Boleslav, Hyundai Motor Company (Korean automobile manufacturer) and a joint venture of Toyota, Peugeot and Citroen (TPCA)
there are a great number of hiking paths and scenery-rich trails going through the Czech Republic's forests and natural areas, and the Czech Tourist Club (Klub českých turistů) has mapped and marked these trails so that walkers can easily locate and navigate thousands of kilometres of scenic paths, in fact, it is probably the best maintained system of marking in Europe.
You can buy maps of their paths on their website, or in the Czech Republic in most bookstores, tobacco shops or museums (green maps, marked with the organization's symbol and the words EDICE TURISTICKÝCH MAP KČT 1:50000 at the top).
These maps are based on military maps and very accurate. It's also possible to go by train to a small village at the edge of a forest and find the on-site map of the surrounding area, and four possible paths will be visible, marked in red, yellow, green, and blue nice tourist maps . Nearby such a map will be a set of directing signs, usually posted to a tree, pointing the direction on any of the coloured paths.
The path's colour will be marked on trees throughout the path: three short horizontal bars, the outer two white and the innermost the colour of the path you're on.
Bus and train stops will also be indicated on signs. You can also register to become a member of the Czech Tourist Club, where you can camp for 30–50 Kč a night in cottages around the Czech Republic.
The Czech Republic hosts a number of tennis events each year, the most notable of which is the WTA Prague Open, which has WTA International status since 2015. The Czech Open in Prostějov, the Prosperita Open in Ostrava and the Prague Open are part of the ATP Challenger Tour, while the Prague Open is also part of the ITF Women's Circuit.
The Czech Republic Davis Cup team has won twice in 2012 and 2013, whereas the and Czech Republic Fed Cup team has won six times in 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2018.
The best tennis players from the Czech Republic include Jaroslav Drobný, Ivan Lendl, Jan Kodeš, Petr Korda, Tomáš Berdych, Radek Štěpánek, Martina Navratilova, Jana Novotná, Petra Kvitová, Karolína Plíšková and Lucie Šafářová.
Ivan Lendl
Martina Hingis & Helena Sukova Wimbledon Doubles Final 1996
Here you can found links and information about films that have ever been made in the location of the Czech Republic
czech-republic-in-foreign-films
From Hell, 2001
American thriller, the horror of Jack-the-Spinner in the title role with the famous Johnny Depp. Prague perfectly played England, shrouded in fear and gossips about a mysterious killer!
The Bourne Identity, 2002
A guy without a memory, lost in the Mediterranean, finds his real passport with the name of Jason Bourne and understands that he is being hunted by a murderer. He has to understand who wants to kill him and he must escape from this! The action was completely filmed in the Czech Republic, at the film studio Barrandov.
Van Helsing, 2004
Who does not know the film about Van Helsing, the vampire killer? Detective story was filmed in the Czech Republic, which the director gives out for the medieval Transylvania!
The Brothers Grimm, 2005
Of course, this film is far from biographical, but this doesn’t make it less interesting! Not only that the shooting took place in the film studio “Barrandov” and in Kutná Hora, as well as a lot of Czech actors took part in the film.
Hannibal Rising, 2007
A film about the legendary maniac, serial killer Hannibal Lecter was filmed in the Czech Republic: Prague, Brno, Kostya Castle. The Czech Republic has perfectly approached the role of post-war France and Lithuania.
Casino Royale, 2006
And the famous 21st Bond was filmed in the Czech capital and Karlovy Vary. If you will pay attention, you can see Prague Ruzyne instead of Miami airport and much more.
Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, 2011
Tom Cruise felt strongly in love with the Prague, so all parts of the adventures of the agent Iten Hunt were filmed in the Czech Republic
Antropoid, 2016
The film, which shows events from the Second World War, and tells about the operation “Anthropoid” during which members of the Czech resistance killed Reinhard Heydrich. The filmmakers managed to accurately recreate the historical atmosphere of that period. Of course, the movie was completely filmed in the Czech Republic. If you have never been to the Czech Republic, we advise you to watch this beautiful film!
Cinematography in the Czech Republic has a lot of pictures shot: “Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian”, “Particularly dangerous”, “Illusionist”, “Omen”, “Oliver Twist”, “Hostel” and others.
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Wheat, sugar beets, barley, rye, oats, and potatoes are the most important crops.
Pigs, cattle, sheep, and poultry are the dominant livestock. High-quality hops used by the country’s breweries are cultivated in Bohemia.
Moravia, particularly southern Moravia, is a grape-growing region and is the centre of the Czech Republic’s wine industry, though vineyards are also found elsewhere.
The Venus of Dolní Věstonice is a Venus figurine, a ceramic statuette of a nude female figure dated to 29,000–25,000 BCE .
This figurine and a few others from locations nearby are the oldest known ceramic articles in the world.
The Czech national team is one of the top teams in the world, regularly competing in the World Championship, the Winter Olympic Games and the Euro Hockey Tour.
The national team captured their first Olympic Gold at the 1998 Winter Games in Nagano. From 1996 to 2001, the Czech Republic won six World Championship medals, including three consecutive gold from 1999 to 2001.
Prominent Czech players include Jaromír Jágr, Dominik Hašek, Patrik Eliáš, Tomáš Plekanec, Aleš Hemský, Tomáš Kaberle, Milan Michálek and Robert Lang, who captained the 2006 Olympic team to a bronze medal.
The team last won gold at the 2010 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships
Eva Samková won the gold medal in the snowboard cross at the 2014 Winter Olympics and was World Cup snowboard cross champion in 2016-17. She was 3rd in the Olympic Games in Korea. in 2018.
Miloš Forman (1932)Czech born Academy Award winning movie director who emigrated to the USA in 1968.
The movies he directed include One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), Hair (1979), Ragtime (1981), Valmont (1989), Amadeus (1984), The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996), Man on the Moon (1999)
The most notable mountain ranges in the Czech Republic are all found along the borders of the country.
In the Bohemia it is the Bohemian Forest and Ore Mountains, both bordering Germany.
Then the long mountain range of Sudeten with Sněžka (1602) – the highest peak of the Czech Republic.
The last major mountain range is the Beskid Mountains in the east, which then continue further east into Poland and Slovakia.
The Czech Republic's climate is temperate, transitional between an oceanic climate and a continental climate.
The summers are rather cool and dry, with average temperatures in most areas around 20 °C, the winters are fairly mild and wet with temperatures averaging around 0 °C in most areas. The relative humidity moves between 60–80 %.
Records in the Czech Republic
Highest measured temperature: 40.4 ° C (20.8. 2012, Dobřichovice)
Lowest measured temperature: -42.2 ° C (Feb. 11, 1929, Litvínovice)
Highest average annual rainfall: 1,705 mm (Jizera Mountains)
Lowest average annual precipitation: 410 mm (Žatec)
Strongest wind gust: 216 km / h (19. 1. 2007, Sněžka)
Bata Shoes is actually a family-owned global footwear and fashion accessory brand. T
heir headquarters are located in Lausanne, Switzerland.
The Bata Shoe Company was founded in 1894 in Zlín, Moravia by Tomáš Baťa, his brother Antonín and his sister Anna, whose family had been cobblers for generations.
The region is famous for its wine production.
Mikulov and its surroundings is a traditional wine centre. The geographical position, the climate and the varied soil of the Mikulov wine region with the limestone slopes of the Pálava Hills affect the unique character of the local wine.
This was already discovered by Ancient Romans, who considered the Pálava region ideal for vine growing.
The major wine centres of the Mikulov wine region include Mikulov in the first place, and further Valtice, Dolní Dunajovice, Novosedly, Perná, Sedlec, Pavlov, Dolní Věstonice, Horní Věstonice and Brod nad Dyjí.
The area provides 94% of the Czech Republic's vineyards.
Wine (víno in Czech) is another popular drink, particularly wine from Moravia in the south-eastern part of the country where the climate is more suited to vineyards. White wines tend to be the best as the growing conditions are more favourable for them. For white wines, try Veltlínské zelené (Green Veltliner), Muškát moravský (Moravian Muscatel), Ryzlink rýnský (Rhine Riesling) or Tramín (Traminer), or red wines such as Frankovka (Blaufrankisch), Modrý Portugal (Blue Portugal, named after the grape, not the country), or Svatovavřinecké (Saint Lawrence). Also try ice wine (ledové víno) made when the grapes are harvested after they have frozen on the vines, or straw wine (slámové víno) made by leaving the grapes to ripen on straw) – these wines are more expensive and are similar to dessert wines. Bohemia Sekt is also popular with Czechs, and is an inexpensive sweet, fizzy wine, similar to Lambrusco, and drunk at celebrations. The best places for wine are either a wine bar (vinárna), or a wine shop (vinotéka) which sometimes has a small bar area too.
There are four major rivers in the Czech Republic.
Elbe (Labe in Czech) flows from Krkonoše Mountains in the north east of Bohemia to the west and then flows through northern Germany all the way to the North Sea.
Morava River drains most of Moravia and flows to the south into Danube and ultimately to the Black Sea.
Odra River starts in the Moravian Silesia and flows north through Poland into the Baltic Sea.
The fourth major river is Moldau (Vltava in Czech), which is the longest river of the Czech Republic and drains the southern part of Bohemia before flowing into Elbe in Mělník.
While the Elbe is the longest Czech-related river when measured through its overall length (i.e. including its lower course in Germany), its tributary the Vltava surpasses it as the longest river within the territory of the Czech Republic itself. (In fact the Vltava also carries more water than the Elbe at their confluence.)
Mendel's laws of inheritance
He formulated the basic laws of heredity in 1866 on the basis of analyzes of genetic crossing between bred strains (providing offspring with the same traits as the parents) of field pea (Pisum sativum), differing in a well-defined trait such as seed shape (round or square) , color of seeds (yellow or green) or color of flowers (purple or white).
Almost all of Mendel's contemporaries ignored his theory of inheritance. This was partly because he used probability theory in his calculations, which was a completely unknown field to most biologists at the time.
In 1900, when Mendel's work was rediscovered, its principles turned out to explain heredity in plants and animals.
The reign of Charles IV was characterized by a transformation in the nature of the Empire and is remembered as the Golden Age of Bohemia. He promulgated the Golden Bull of 1356 whereby the succession to the imperial title was laid down, which held for the next four centuries.
He also founded the first university north of the Alps in 1348 in Prague.Charles_University
He also organized the states of the empire into peace-keeping confederations. In these, the Imperial cities figured prominently. The Swabian Landfriede confederation of 1370 was made up almost entirely of Imperial Cities. At the same time, the leagues were organized and led by the crown and its agents. As with the electors, the cities that served in these leagues were given privileges to aid in their efforts to keep the peace.
He assured his dominance over the eastern borders of the Empire through succession treaties with the Habsburgs and the purchase of Brandenburg. He also claimed imperial lordship over the crusader states of Prussia and Livonia.
Charles and his first wife, BlancheCharles was married four times. His first wife was Blanche of Valois (1316–1348), daughter of Charles, Count of Valois, and a half-sister of Philip VI of France.They had three children:
He secondly married Anna of Bavaria, (1329–1353), daughter of Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria; they had one son:
His third wife was Anna von Schweidnitz, (1339–1362),daughter of Henry II, Duke of Świdnica and Katharina of Anjou (daughter of Charles I Robert, King of Hungary), by whom he had three children:
His fourth wife was Elizabeth of Pomerania, (1345 or 1347 – 1393), daughter of Duke Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania and Elisabeth of Poland, daughter of Casimir III of Poland. They had six children:
Other places named after Charles:
This region is very rich on architectonical monuments of all styles and is pride on cultural-historical tradition
John Amos Comenius (Czech: Jan Amos Komenský; German: Johann Amos Comenius; Latinized: Ioannes Amos Comenius; 28 March 1592 – 15 November 1670)[ was a Czech philosopher, pedagogue and theologian from the Margraviate of Moravia[] who is considered the father of modern education. He served as the last bishop of the Unity of the Brethren before becoming a religious refugee and one of the earliest champions of universal education, a concept eventually set forth in his book Didactica Magna. As an educator and theologian, he led schools and advised governments across Protestant Europe through the middle of the seventeenth century.
Comenius introduced a number of educational concepts and innovations including pictorial textbooks written in native languages instead of Latin, teaching based in gradual development from simple to more comprehensive concepts, lifelong learning with a focus on logical thinking over dull memorization, equal opportunity for impoverished children, education for women, and universal and practical instruction. Besides his native Bohemian Crown, he lived and worked in other regions of the Holy Roman Empire, and other countries: Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Transylvania, England, the Netherlands and Hungary.
Old mines to visit:
In the sport of Biathlon World Championship golds have been won by Kateřina Holubcová (in the 15 kilometre individual event in 2003) and Roman Dostál (in the 20 kilometre individual in 2005).
More recently Gabriela Koukalová enjoyed a breakthrough season in 2012–13, scoring four World Cup wins.
She subsequently took gold medals at the 2015 World Championships as part of the Czech mixed relay team, and at the 2017 Worlds in the sprint.
She was also overall World Cup champion in 2015-16.
Nowadays, the best woman competing Markéta Davidová.
ZOH 2014 Biathlon Ženy Mass Start 12,5 km 17. 2. 2014
Football has been a popular sport amongst the locals. Previously the old Czechoslovakia team were a force to be reckoned with, finishing runners-up twice in the World Cup and winning UEFA Euro 1976. The sport gained even more support when the national team qualified for their first World Cup since the break-up of Czechoslovakia. More recently players such as Petr Čech, Tomáš Rosický and Pavel Nedvěd have gone on to achieve great success at top European clubs and have become national icons.
In domestic football, the Czech First League is the top-level in the Czech football league system. The most successful clubs are the two capital-based sides Sparta Prague and Slavia Prague. For a long time, Sparta Prague has supplied the national team with players such as Libor Sionko, Jaromír Blažek, Zdeněk Grygera, and Tomáš Rosický.
Sparta Prague has been a regular participant in the UEFA Champions League, and recently also joined FC Viktoria Plzeň and Slavia Prague.
| Gold24 | Silver28 | Bronze35 | Total Olympic Medals87 |
|---|
the most successful person is Martina Sablikova in speed skating, she competed in 3 Olympic games ( 2010, 2014 and 2018) and has won 7 medals.
the winners: Olympic Games winners
the silver ones: the silver medails
the bronze ones: the bronze ones
for more details go to : Czech Republic at the Olympics
The most successful athletes in Czech Olympic summer history with two golds are Štěpánka Hilgertová, Barbora Špotáková, Jan Železný and Martin Doktor.
In the Winter Olympics the most successful branch of Czech athletes at the Olympic Games is speed skating, in which they won a total of seven medals (three gold and two silver and bronze), and cross-country skiing with one gold, five silver and three bronze.
Martina Sáblíková won the most medals from the Winter Olympics with three gold, two silver and one bronze. Kateřina Neumannová won one gold, four silver and one bronze medal, Ester Ledecká won two gold.
Olympic Games all in one Czech.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrRJaQXZXUw
Visit the ŠKODA Museum and ŠKODA AUTO production plants. We offer guided as well as individual tours of the Museum and ŠKODA AUTO production sites, worksheet-aided tours for children and Museum tours for blind and visually impaired visitors. Excursions to the production shops and ŠKODA Museum guided tours need to be booked ahead.
There is more than 2000 of castles, castle ruins and chateaux in the Czech Republic. Wherever you are in the Czech Republic, there will be some castle or chateaux nearby.
Iconic landmarks of Czech landscape are castles. Often situated on top of the hill, from most of the castles is beautiful view to countryside. Some of those castles are just ruins, but some castles are well-preserved with old interiors, furniture etc. Most picturesque and interesting are for example: Loket Castle, Karlštejn Castle, Kost Castle, Rabí Castle ruin, Český Šternberk Castle, Bezděz Castle, Křivoklát Castle, Bouzov Castle and Pernštejn Castle
Renaissance, baroque or neo-classical, possibly every Czech town has its own chateau.
For example: Konopiště Chateau, Valtice Chateau, Lednice Chateau, Hluboká nad Vltavou Chateau, Kuks Chateau, Chateau, Vranov nad Dyjí Chateau, Chateau, Červená Lhota Chateau, Děčín Chateau and Orlík Chateau.
JAWA (Czech pronunciation: [java]) is a motorcycle and moped manufacturer founded in Prague, Czechoslovakia in 1929 by František Janeček,who bought the motorcycle division of Wanderer. The name JAWA was established by concatenating the first letters of Janeček and Wanderer.In the past, especially in the 1950s, JAWA was one of the top motorcycle manufacturers and exported its 350 model into over 120 countries. The best-known model was the 350 Pérák and in the 1970s the 350 Californian. It appeared in the typical black and red coloring from Californian beaches to New Zealand. After 1990, a significant loss of production occurred. A successor company was formed in 1997 in Týnec nad Sázavou, continuing the name as JAWA Moto.
JAWA motorcycles got a resurrection in India in December 2018, by Classic Legends, which is owned by Mahindra, through a licensing deal with the JAWA Moto.
After overthrowing Communism in 1989, the country set up a parliamentary democracy.
The parliament consists of two houses; the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. There are 200 people in the Chamber of Deputies, and they serve a 4−year term. The 81 Senate members are elected for 6 years.
The head of state is the president, and it is he who appoints a prime minister.
The president is elected every 5 years by popular vote.
Another Gothic jewel is the monumental St. Barbara's Church of Kutná Hora, a part of UNESCO cultural heritage.
St. Barbara is a patron of miners, which is particularly appropriate in Kutná Hora, which gained its wealth and fame in the Middle Ages due to rich silver mines.
The kostnice (ossuary) is an underground chapel of All Saints Cemetery and originally was a part of the Cistercian abbey in Sedlec, which was founded in 1142 by Miroslav of Markvartic.
The church was built in the 14th century as a carnery. It consists of two chapels being built one on top of the other and according to the most recent surveys, this was built alongside other outside buildings that made up the entire abbey, as they tried to draw closer to its Jerusalem inspired design.
MEMENTO MORI – „Remember the death “– associated with the Christian Hope of Resurrection remains a valid message for each visitor of this unique place and helps us to understand the symbolism of the place and its decoration. It is not a celebration of death, but it symbolizes the equality of people in front of the throne of God.
This region is, therefore, still home to gorgeous vineyards, orchards, fields full of 'organic' produce, and filled with scenic mountain vistas and cute little villages.
Even the regional capital, Brno, is renowned for its small town charm.
There is an extremely extensive rail system, and the region contains historic factories such as Zbrojovka Brno (weapons) and the Baťa factory in Zlín (shoes).
The dialects of Czech spoken in Moravia are slightly different from those spoken in Bohemia, particularly in Prague.
Moravians pride themselves on their dialect and learning a few stereotypical regionalisms may go down well (or terribly, depending on just what it is you think you're saying and what you end up saying).
The region's strategic location at the Moravian Gate (a pass through the imposing mountain ranges of Central Europe) has led to a confluence of a great amount of history.
Central Bohemia, these are valleys lined with sandstone rocks, karst areas, dams with views, castles, chateaux and other beautiful places that are worth a visit.
These include the Elbe lowlands, the Kokořínsko - Mácha region, part of the Bohemian Paradise, the Bohemian Karst, the Křivoklát region or, for example, Posázaví.
developed a computer procedure (algorithm) how to turn a flat 2D animated film The Lion King into a plastic spectacle in a 3D version.
He worked on a new process called Ink-and-Ray together with Walt Disney's studio, which invited Daniel Sýkora to the USA.
Despite its landlocked location, there were brief periods in the Middle Ages during which Bohemia had access to the Baltic and Adriatic seacoasts—which no doubt was on William Shakespeare’s mind when he set much of his play The Winter’s Tale there.
Although the modern adjective bohemian refers to Bohemia, that usage was based on a broad stereotype and also a poor grasp of geography, so don't expect the Bohemians you meet to be nomadic or anti-conventional artistic/literary bohemians, or to see anything out of Puccini's 'La Bohème'.
And no, 'Bohemian Rhapsody' (its lyrics sprinkled with Italian and Arabic) is not a local anthem!
So the word Bohemia/Bohemian came from the name of the Celtic tribe Boii.
The term Bohemian had ended up meaning more or less Czech by the end of the 19th century with the awakening of Slavic nationalism. However, it was also used to refer to any inhabitant of Bohemia, including the vast number of Germans that used to inhabit the region until the closing months of World War II.
PETROF grand and upright pianos are traditional Czech products from Hradec Králové.
The path of their development is a never-ending process, which has enabled these instruments to achieve high quality and world renown.
The research and development department works unstintingly on their perfection, and almost 80% of manufacturing operations are carried out by hand.
Since its founding in 1864, the company has produced more than 626,000 pianos under this famous name.
Their characteristic rounded, romantic tone is backed up by variability of design and implementation. Due to the skill and expertise of its piano-making experts, the firm can always offer pianos in a number of series, including the time-tested Style Collection, or the innovative Special Collection.
According to some explorers it is possible to notice that the astronomical clock is divided into four imaginary storeys. The ancient alchemists and astrologers believed that the Universe was composed of the four elements: earth, water, air and fire. These elements are represented also on the layout of the astronomical clock. The earth – the entrance doors for the clockmaker, water – the calendar board, air – the astrolabe and finally the fire – the apostles and the rooster. Does it really represent the Universe – Cosmos? Hard to guess today. Let´s go and explore its long and moved history.
Early years of its genesis In 1402 a classical clock was mounted onto the Old Town Hall tower and a few years later a big bell was hung into the tower. The first written record about the Prague Astronomical Clock dates back to October 14th, 1410. Based on this document the astronomical clock was constructed by the clockmaker Mikuláš of Kadaň who created it using the calculations of Jan Šindel, the then Prague´s best mathematician and astronomer. The present image of the astronomical clock we know today was the work of master Jan Hanuš and Jan Táborský. We also need to mention the sculptoral decorations of the astronomical clock made by the famous architect Petr Parléř. Rest of the sculptural decoration comes from later a period.
The Old Town Astronomical Clock (czech: Staroměstský orloj)
Alfons Maria Mucha ( 24 July 1860 – 14 July 1939), known internationally as Alphonse Mucha, was a Czech painter, illustrator and graphic artist, living in Paris during the Art Nouveau period, best known for his distinctly stylized and decorative theatrical posters, particularly those of Sarah Bernhardt.
He produced illustrations, advertisements, decorative panels, and designs, which became among the best-known images of the period.
In the second part of his career, at the age of 43, he returned to his homeland of Bohemia-Moravia region in Austria and devoted himself to painting a series of twenty monumental canvases known as The Slav Epic, depicting the history of all the Slavic peoples of the world, which he painted between 1912 and 1926.
In 1928, on the 10th anniversary of the independence of Czechoslovakia, he presented the series to the Czech nation. He considered it his most important work. It is now on display in Prague.
Franz Kafka (1883 – 1924)
Franz Kafka is one of the most widely known and ce-lebrated writers of the 20th century. He is known above all for his novels The Trial, America and The Castle.
Kafka came from a Jewish family and grew up at a time when ethnic conflicts began to escalate in Prague, a fact evident in his
work. As mentioned earlier, Kafka was born in the former Benedictine Monastery next to the Church of St Nicholas and spent most of his life in the Old Town. Kafka’s family lived, for instance, in the House U minuty, part of the Old Town Hall and in Celetna Street. The young Kafka also attended the German Grammar School in the Kinsky Palace.
In the course of his life in Prague, Kafka became acquainted with the elite of the Prague literary world such as Franz Werfel, Max Brod and the Kirsch brothers. In 1915 he won his first literary prize for a short story called The Stoker. In 1916 – 17 he worked in the Golden Lane at Prague Castle, but had already been diagnosed as having tuberculosis. At the end of his life Kafka left Prague and died of tuberculosis in 1924 in Kierling near Vienna.
ten-films-that-perfectly-explain-life-in-the-czech-republic/
Czech Film in the Past and Present
The Beginning
The history of Czech cinema has its roots in the Austro-Hungarian empire.
A feature film was shot in Bohemia in 1896. The Czech movie industry, already influenced by Hollywood, flourished after World War I. Extasy (Extase, 1933) directed by Gustav Machatý, and River (Řeka, 1933) directed by Josef Rovenský were the first Czechoslovak movies that had success reaching an audience abroad.
The Barrandov Studios, founded by Miloš and Václav Havel (the father of former president Václav Havel), were completed in 1933. It did not take long for the studios to ramp up production to 80 films a year.
The Golden Age of the 1960s
The golden age of Czechoslovak film took place in the 1960s, during the era of increased political and cultural freedom.
The top directors of the time included Miloš Forman, Jiří Menzel, Ján Kadár, Elmar Klos, Vojtěch Jasný, Jan Němec, Věra Chytilová, and Ivan Passer.
Most of them studied at Prague's Film and Television School of the Academy of Performing Arts (FAMU), one of the oldest film schools in Europe. Kadár and Klos's The Shop on Main Street (Obchod na korze, 1965) and Menzel's Closely Watched Trains (Ostře sledované vlaky, 1966) both won Oscars for Best Foreign Language Film.
The Soviet invasion in August 1968 brought the era to an end.
Post-Communist Era
The Czech movie industry changed dramatically after the Velvet Revolution and the fall of communism in 1989.
Barrandov Studios were privatized and were no longer guaranteed productions and funds from the government. Foreign film studios discovered the Czech Republic and the dramatic increase in foreign productions more than made up for the decrease in local films.
The Czech Republic became an attractive location for foreign film makers thanks to its historical beauty and well preserved architecture that was not damaged in the world wars.
Lower filming costs, coupled with the long history of the Czech film industry and the resulting expertise of local crews are also a factor. To support the growing number of foreign film projects, local production companies as well as companies providing casting, lighting, editing, and special effects services have been established - most of them in Prague.
The 1990s saw the rise of a new generation of Czech film makers, including Jan Svěrák, Jan Hřebejk, Saša Gedeon, Petr Zelenka, and David Ondříček. Svěrák's Elementary School (Obecná škola, 1991) was nominated for an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film, and his movie Kolya (Kolja, 1996) won it. Hřebejk's Divided We Fall (Musíme si pomáhat, 2000) also received an Oscar nomination.
The Future of Czech Film
There are still questions about the future direction of Czech cinematography. Raising funds for Czech movies is as challenging as ever. Many directors need to earn their living by making commercials.
Finding foreign distribution for Czech films remains difficult.
The Czech Republic however, will continue to develop new film talent through FAMU and the overall movie industry will keep gaining expertise through the foreign productions that have been flocking to the country.
Czech is the official state language and as a literary language dates to the late 13th century. The majority of the population speaks Czech as their first language.
Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible languages belonging to the West Slavic language group, which uses the Latin (Roman) rather than the Cyrillic alphabet. Among the other languages spoken by minorities in the Czech Republic are Romani, German, and Polish.
However, if you can learn the alphabet (and the corresponding letters with accents), then pronunciation is easy as it is always the same - Czechs and Slovaks pronounce every letter of a word, with the stress falling on the first syllable. The combination of consonants in some words may seem mind-bogglingly hard, but it is worth the effort!
The Czech language has many local dialects, especially in Moravia. Some dialects are so different that they can sometimes be misunderstood even by a native Czech speaker from a different region. However all Czech people understand the standard Czech (as spoken in TV, written in newspapers and taught in schools) and should be able to speak it (but some are too proud to stop using their local dialect). Some of them are even unable to speak standard Czech but write it correctly.
are English words that were derived from the Czech lands.
Robot
Okay, you already knew this one. The word ‘robot’, invented by writer Karel Čapek for his 1920 play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), was derived from the Czech word robota, meaning manual labor.
Polka
The term for the traditional Czech dance (possilby) comes from Půlka, meaning half, referring to the tempo. The exact etymology is debated (it might also be named after the term for Polish people, Polák), but the term is certainly Czech.
Kolache
The traditional Czech pastries, from the Czech word koláč, may not be as well known throughout the English-language world as some of the other words on this list, but they’ve been surging in popularity in southern US states recently.
Howitzer
Though Germanized, the term for this piece of field artillery comes from the Czech word houfnice, which dates back to the cannons used in the 1420s Hussite Wars. A howitzer is defined as any cannon capable of both high-angle and low-angle trajectory.
Nebbish
Yes, it’s Yiddish. However, the word has Czech roots. Used in American English for more than a century, the word is often used to describe the kind of character Woody Allen often plays in his movies. Originally, it meant someone who was poor or unfortunate (“nebohý”).
Pistol
The general English-language term for a handgun or type of handgun comes from the Czech word píšťala, which again dates back to the Hussite Wars and refers to one of the earliest examples of a firearm or “hand cannon.”
Semtex
The plastic explosive was originally created for use by the Czechoslovak military in the 1960s, and named after Semtín, the town in the Pardubice region where it was originally manufactured.
Pilsner
Of course. The term for this particular style of beer comes from Pilsner Urquell (Plzeňský Prazdroj), the world’s first-ever pilsner-style lager.
Tolar
Czech name for a silver coin minted in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 16th century in Jáchymov (German Joachimsthal), the main currency of Bohemia from 1520-1750.
The modern word dollar came from the Spanish dollar, due to their similarity in size and weight to the German Thalers first minted from a silver mine in 1520 in Joachimsthal.
Tunnelling
Not in the literal sense, but when used as a term for financial fraud the word most likely dates back to Czech origins in the 1990s, when newly-privatized companies went bankrupt after management transferred assets to their own personal corporations. This type of fraud was termed tunelování, and the fraudster a tunelář.
This term is closely connected to the “Theatre of the Absurd” and the first president of the Czech Republic, also a playwright, Václav Havel, who used it in one of his plays. This term then became very popular in connection with former Eastern Bloc countries. Even nowadays you might overhear the Czechs referring to the Czech Republic as Absurdistán on many occasions.
Josef Ressel made history with the invention of the propeller, resp. its most convenient location on the ship.
Although a forester by profession, Josef Ressel became one of the leading pioneers of the new ship propulsion, which replaced the wheel mechanism, which is especially unsuitable for sailing at sea.
Originally developed for Czechoslovak military use and export, Semtex eventually became popular with paramilitary groups and rebels or terrorists because prior to 2000 it was extremely difficult to detect.
were invented by Otto Wichterle
Festivals:
Best of Czech metal, rock and punk music
Greetings
| Hello! ("Good day!") | Dobrý den! |
| Good evening! | Dobrý večer! |
| Good night! | Dobrou noc! |
| Good bye! | Na shledanou! |
Social Interaction
| Thank you. | Děkuji. |
| You are welcome. | Není zač. / Prosím. |
| Excuse me. | S dovolením. |
| I'm sorry. | Promiňte. |
Language and Communication
| Do you speak English? | Mluvíte anglicky? |
| I don't speak Czech. | Nemluvím česky. |
| I don't understand. | Nerozumím. |
It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the river Elbe, 96 kilometres (60 mi) east of Prague. The historic centre of Pardubice is well preserved and historically significant and is protected by law as urban monument reservation.
Factories include the Synthesia chemical factory, an oil refinery Paramo, a heavy machinery factory and an electronic equipment plant. The city is well known for its sport events, which include the Great Pardubice Steeplechase in horse racing, the Golden Helmet of Pardubice in motorcycle racing, and the Czech Open in golf and chess
Velká pardubická is a famous cross-country steeplechase run in Pardubice, Czech Republic since 1874. It takes place every year on the second Sunday in October.
The length of the steeplechase is 6.9 km (4 miles 506 yards), with 31 obstacles. It usually takes 9–10 minutes to finish the course; the record is 8:56.01 set by Ribelino in 2015.
Horses starting in the race must be at least six years old (before 2009, the minimum age was seven years); Czech horses must qualify by finishing at least one of four qualifying races during the season.
Zoo /https://safaripark.cz/en/
Safari Park Dvůr Králové, until 2018 Dvůr Králové Zoo is a 72-hectare (180-acre) zoo located in Dvůr Králové nad Labem. It is the second largest zoo in the country, showcasing a large open "safari" section.
One of its most significant missions is to protect endangered and threatened wildlife species.
The Zoo's specialization is African fauna, and has the largest group of African animals in Europe. The Zoo is also one of the most important breeders of African ungulates in the world.
Their rarest animals are northern white rhinoceros, which are now on loan (Last Chance to Survive Program) to Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya. The Zoo is the only one in the world where northern white rhinos have successfully given birth, with the last calf being born in 2000
The Czech Republic is a land of many great cathedrals. Perhaps the most important one is the Gothic St. Vitus Cathedral at the Prague Castle.
It has a great importance for the Czech nation as a coronation place of Bohemian kings and also the place of their last rest.
It contains treasury for the most precious relics of the kingdom and remains of patron saint Wenceslaus.
Nanotechnologies are a hot new field in science and a growing area for commercial applications. They are technologies that work with matter at the level of atoms and molecules. Nanofibres are ultra-thin fibres, just 1 billionth of a metre wide - that's 100,000 times thinner than a human hair. They have long been at the centre of research at the Technical University in the northern Czech town of Liberec.
Filters made from nanofibres are extremely efficient because they have such tiny pores that no bacteria or viruses can pass through. Such materials can also be used to make protective garments and breathing masks. Nanofibres are also being used in tissue engineering and as wound dressings which efficiently protect for instance burns on the body.
Nanofibres are still waiting for their full potential to be discovered. But for that they first need to leave the laboratories. The team of professor Oldrich Jirsak have developed a technology that allows mass commercial production of nanofibres.
The most important discovery of Czech medicine is considered to be the division of blood groups, which was achieved in 1907 by Jan Jánský.
Jan Jánský, a native of Prague, a neurologist and psychiatrist, discovered four basic blood groups in 1907. Independently of the Austrian K. Landsteiner, who discovered groups A, B, 0, Jánský also recognized group AB.
He did not mark them with letters, it did not take place until the 1930s, but he assigned them Roman numerals I. - IV.
Janský made a revolutionary discovery by chance while studying the relationship between mental disorders and blood clotting.
During the research, he noticed that human blood can be divided into four groups according to certain differences in the properties of blood cells. Jánský published his discovery in 1907.
However, he did not pay any further attention to it and instead focused on the research of cerebrospinal fluid.
Charles Bridge
is a medieval stone arch bridge that crosses the Vltava (Moldau) river.
Its construction started in 1357 under the auspices of King Charles IV, and finished in the early 15th century. The bridge replaced the old Judith Bridge built 1158–1172 that had been badly damaged by a flood in 1342. This new bridge was originally called Stone Bridge (Kamenný most) or Prague Bridge (Pražský most), but has been referred to as "Charles Bridge" since 1870.
As the only means of crossing the river Vltava until 1841, Charles Bridge was the most important connection between Prague Castle and the city's Old Town and adjacent areas. This land connection made Prague important as a trade route between Eastern and Western Europe.
A UNESCO World Heritage site, the bridge is 516 metres (1,693 ft) long and nearly 10 metres (33 ft) wide, following the example of the Stone Bridge in Regensburg, it was built as a bow bridge with 16 arches shielded by ice guards.
It is protected by three bridge towers, two on the Lesser Quarter side (including the Malá Strana Bridge Tower) and one on the Old Town side, the Old Town Bridge Tower. The bridge is decorated by a continuous alley of 30 statues and statuaries, most of them baroque-style, originally erected around 1700, but now all have been replaced by replicas.
The avenue of 30 mostly baroque statues and statuaries situated on the balustrade forms a unique connection of artistic styles with the underlying gothic bridge. Most sculptures were erected between 1683 and 1714.
They depict various saints and patron saints venerated at that time. The most prominent Bohemian sculptors of the time took part in decorating the bridge, such as Matthias Braun, Jan Brokoff, and his sons Michael Joseph and Ferdinand Maxmilian.
Among the most notable sculptures, one can find the statuaries of St. Luthgard, the Holy Crucifix and Calvary, and John of Nepomuk. Well known also is the statue of the knight Bruncvík, although it was erected some 200 years later and does not belong to the main avenue.
Beginning in 1965, all of the statues have been systematically replaced by replicas, and the originals have been exhibited in the Lapidarium of the National Museum.
Sugar cubes were invented in Dačice in 1843 by Jakub Kryštof Rad, but his wife Juliana allegedly inspired him to this famous primacy when she cut herself while chopping a lump of sugar into a finger and then made her wife think of something more practical. He soon received a gift from her husband - a box containing 350 white and red sugar cubes. The invention was also supported by Karel Maxmilián Dalberg, who was a co-owner of the Dačice sugar refinery.
J. K. Rad made a press for the production of cubes and at the end of 1842 he applied to the court chamber in Vienna for the privilege of producing sugar cubes in Dačice. This was granted to him on January 23, 1843. In the autumn of 1843, the Dačice refinery began to produce sugar cubes for the market. It also first appeared in Vienna as "tea sugar." A package containing 250 cubes weighed one pound (about 0.5 kg) and resembled a box of Chinese tea.
It was provided with the original labels, on which there was a picture of the buildings of the Dačice refinery, and it was sold for 50 tailors. Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, Switzerland and England soon bought the patent for the production of cubes.
An improved form of Rad's invention is still used by sugar refineries around the world today.
Today, the town also has an exposition of a sweet invention in the local museum and a memorial plaque at the house of the director of the sugar factory, Jakub Kryštov Rada, whose practical invention has spread rapidly and is still used all over the world.
The HE3DA® nanotechnology utilizes the high charge and discharge speed of nanomaterials, resulting in superior safety and many new properties of Li-accumulator modules that were heretofore unthinkable. It was developed and tested by its inventor Jan Procházkafrom Prague.
The HE3DA® nanotechnological platform moves the frontier of lithium accumulators decades forward.
Technical parameters
HE3DA technology offers top-class technical parameters:
Economic parameters
HE3DA technology achieves top-class economic parameters:
= Low overall electricity storage costs = Mass utilization of batteries in energy sector and other industries.
Antonín Dvořák Symphony No. 9 "From the New World"
The Symphony No. 9 in E minor, "From the New World", Op. 95, B. 178 (Czech: Symfonie č. 9 e moll „Z nového světa“), popularly known as the New World Symphony, was composed by Antonín Dvořák in 1893 while he was the director of the National Conservatory of Music of America from 1892 to 1895.
It is by far his most popular symphony, and one of the most popular of all symphonies.
In older literature and recordings, this symphony was – as for its first publication – numbered as Symphony No. 5.
Astronaut Neil Armstrong took a tape recording of the New World Symphony along during the Apollo 11 mission, the first Moon landing, in 1969.
The symphony was completed in the building that now houses the Bily Clocks Museum.
Bedřich Smetana - Vltava
Má vlast also known as My Fatherland, is a set of six symphonic poems composed between 1874 and 1879 by the founder of Czech national music and Czech composer Bedřich Smetana,which portrays the history, legends and landscape of the composer's native Bohemia.
It contains the famous symphonic poem "Vltava", which was inspired by the Bohemian Forest and it is also popularly known by its German name "Die Moldau" (in English, "The Moldau").
In 1796, he wrote his most famous work, Czech Christmas Mass "Hey, Master!" (named by him as Missa solemnis Festis Nativitatis D. J. Ch. accommodata in linguam bohemicum musicam). This work continues to be frequently performed at Christmas time in Bohemia.
Try also svařák, hot mulled wine served in all pubs, and outdoors at Christmas markets.
grog, hot rum and water served with a slice of lemon - add sugar to taste, and medovina, mead, again usually served hot, and particularly good for warming up at a cold winter market.
Finally, if you are heading into Moravia, try burčák, a speciality found only around the end of the summer, or early autumn. It is extremely young wine, usually white, and is the cloudy, still fermenting stage in wine production when the wine is very sweet, and very smooth to drink. It continues to ferment in the stomach, so the alcohol content at the time of drinking it is unknown, but it is usually high, creeps up on you, and it is very moreish.
Czechs say that it should only be drunk fresh from the vineyard, and many small private wine makers are passionate about it, waiting up into the night for the moment when the wine reaches the 'burčák' stage. You can see it at wine festivals around the country, and sometimes in markets or wine bars too.
The Czech alphabet consists of 42 letters ut of which 26 are the same as in English, plus 16 additional ones with diacritics. Those are 8 extra vowels (á, é, í, ý, ó, ú/ů, ě) and 8 extra consonants (ž, š, č, ř, ď, ť, ň, plus “ch”). “Ch” in Czech alphabet counts as a single letter and has a special position after “h.” Its pronunciation is different from English.
The letters Q, W and X are used exclusively in foreign words, and the former two are replaced with Kv and V once the word becomes "naturalized"; the digraphs dz and dž are also used mostly for foreign words and do not have a separate place in the alphabet.
| a | á | b | c | č | d | ď | e | é | ě | f | g | h | i | í | j | k | l | m | n | ň | o | p | q | r | ř | s | š | t | ť | u | ú | ů | v | w | x | y | ý | z | ž |
The great advantage of the Czech language is that, unlike in English, it is pronounced the same way as it is written.
However, in order to pronounce all the sounds that the Czech language contains, additional letters with diacritics (small marks above the letter) are used in combination with the Roman alphabet.
There are only a few diacritics - háček (hook), čárka (length mark), kroužek(circle) and they change the pronunciation of the letter. They look like this when written: háček (č), čárka (á), kroužek (ů).
South Bohemia is a region in the Czech Republic. It offers many picturesque towns with two of them on the UNESCO list, peaceful countryside filled with number of ponds, medieval castles, romantic chateaux and some hills at the south.
While the region is often unknown to foreign tourists (except Český Krumlov and few other castles), it is quite popular between local tourists and definitely has something to offer for everyone.
For local tourists, a popular way to discover this region is by bike - with nice, often relatively flat countryside and good biking infrastructure, this is a fun and relaxing way to discover South Bohemia.
The way South Bohemia looks today is to a large scale determined by the Rožemberk noble family, which ruled the area between the 14th and 17th centuries.
They built most of the fish ponds, castles, canals, towns and cities which are today the main tourist attractions.
Another thing which shapes the region is the River Vltava; the Czech Republic's main watercourse springs here. There two big water dams on the Vltava in South Bohemia, which somehow changed the way nature looks here.
The last important thing which shaped this region is the former presence of German population. Ethnic Germans lived in today's South Bohemia from the 12th century until they were expelled to Austria and Germany following World War Two.
Some of the homes they had to leave were resettled by people from central Czechia and Slovakia, but many other formerly German villages were destroyed during the communist era.
You can still find ruins of villages in remote places like Novohradské hory. These places, being near the border with capitalist Western Europe, were off-limits during the communist era and are slowly being rediscovered today by both Czech people and descendants of expelled Germans.
This part of Czechia is definitely a beer part, as the attitude is too high to grow vine.
The most famous beer from South Bohemia is definitely Budweiser Budvar, which is sold globaly, but made only in České Budějovice (and owned by the government).
Other good brands include Regent from Třeboň, Eggenberg from Český Krumlov, Platan from Protivín, Dudák from Strakonice, Samson from České Budějovice and many others.
There are also many microbreweries with good crafted beers. You can visit almost any working brewery to see how the beer is made. Breweries also often have their own restaurants nearby, a good example of this the Eggenberg brewery in touristy Český Krumlov with an excellent restaurant.
A typical Czech breakfast consists of a slice of rye bread or a roll (rohlík) with a spread such as butter, jelly, or honey, or perhaps a slice of cheese or meat such as salami or ham. This versatile meal is an incredibly popular way to begin the day in the Czech Republic. Homemade garlic or egg salad spreads are also a popular topping to flavor your bread or roll.
Wine (víno in Czech) is another popular drink, particularly wine from Moravia in the south-eastern part of the country where the climate is more suited to vineyards. White wines tend to be the best as the growing conditions are more favourable for them. For white wines, try Veltlínské zelené (Green Veltliner), Muškát moravský (Moravian Muscatel), Ryzlink rýnský (Rhine Riesling) or Tramín (Traminer), or red wines such as Frankovka (Blaufrankisch), Modrý Portugal (Blue Portugal, named after the grape, not the country), or Svatovavřinecké (Saint Lawrence). Also try ice wine (ledové víno) made when the grapes are harvested after they have frozen on the vines, or straw wine (slámové víno) made by leaving the grapes to ripen on straw) – these wines are more expensive and are similar to dessert wines. Bohemia Sekt is also popular with Czechs, and is an inexpensive sweet, fizzy wine, similar to Lambrusco, and drunk at celebrations. The best places for wine are either a wine bar (vinárna), or a wine shop (vinotéka) which sometimes has a small bar area too.
Baked pastries and buns are another popular choice, especially on weekends or special occasions.
Breakfast has often been called the most important meal of the day and, according to novinky.cz, the Czech people certainly agree with this statement. Breakfast (Czech: snídaně) is enjoyed by the majority of the Czech people. Only about 14% of Czech people skip breakfast regularly. The rest of the population start their day with a delicious breakfast every morning. But what does a typical Czech breakfast look like?
The Czech Republic is home to millions of people and, while their tastes obviously vary, there are a few favorite meals which have become staples at the Czech breakfast table.
Czech cuisine knows many different kinds of soup (polévka).
The most common are bramboračka - potato soup (sometimes with forest mushrooms), hovězí vývar - clear beef soup (sometimes s játrovými knedlíčky - with liver dumplings), gulášovka - thick goulash soup, zelňačka - thick and sour cabbage soup, česnečka (strong garlic soup, very healthy and tasty, but do not eat this before kissing), kulajda - thick soup with forest mushrooms and milk, hrášková polévka from young green peas, čočková polévka from lentils, fazolačka from beans, rajská polévka - tomato soup, and many others.
A special case not to everyone's tastes is dršťková polévka (tripe soup). Rybí polévka - thick fish soup made from carps (including its head, some innards, roe and sperm) is the traditional soup of the Christmas Dinne
fruit sparkling waters (as well as coke waters) are named limonáda in Bohemia or sodovka in Moravia.
Draught 'limonades' of various types used to be a very cheap and available beverage in common pubs in rural and hiking areas. Now, more expensive 'Cola-Fanta-Sprite' choice or draught or bottle Kofola are available usually.
Kofola, a coke-like drink is also very popular, and some Czechs say it is the best thing the communists gave them.
Mineral waters are popular, but tend to have a strong mineral taste. Try Mattoni, or Magnesia, both of which taste like normal water and still claim to be good for your health.
If you want bubbles, ask for perlivá. If you want it non-carbonated, ask for neperlivá. These come also with a lot of flavours and can be bought in 1,5 l bottles.
Sometimes you can see jemně perlivá – it is 'lightly bubbled' water. Many restaurants don't make any difference between 'sparkling water' and 'sparkling mineral water'.
Sparkling water (without flavour) is traditionally named sodovka (sodová voda, soda water) in Bohemia and sifon in Moravia.
known in English as the Pilsner Urquell Brewery, is a Czech brewery opened in 1842 and headquartered in Plzeň, Czech Republic. It was the first brewery to produce pale lager, branded as Pilsner Urquell;[2] the popularity of Pilsner Urquell resulting in it being much copied so that more than two-thirds of the beer produced in the world today is pale lager, sometimes named pils, pilsner and pilsener after Pilsner Urquell.
The brewery name, Pilsner Urquell, which can be roughly translated into English as "the original source at Pilsen", was adopted as a trademark in 1898. Pilsner Urquell is the largest beer producer in Czechia and is also the largest exporter of beer abroad.
History:
We gave the world Bohemian Crystal and today our R&D laboratories are constantly developing innovative new products. Every year we push beyond the limits of what is possible with glass and crystal.
In 1548 in Mšeno, a small town nestled in the majestic Crystal Valley, the Wander family settles and founds the first glassworks in the region. Their kilns and workshops are soon to become the leading glassworks in the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Soon afterwards, Jablonec, a nearby settlement that has been ravaged by war and become a ghost town for decades, comes alive once again. Settlers from the Jizera Mountains begin to pursue a new craft – glassmaking – and begin to pass it down from father to son, from generation to generation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOC1mIvxgE8&feature=emb_logo
Ing. Martin Šula, a graduate of Brno University of Technology, wanted to be a designer and develop engines from childhood.
He worked in the development of BMW, KTM and Formula 1 until he finally combined his passion for internal combustion engines with a love of skiing and produced the JetSurf. Motor surfboard made of carbon, with a special racing engine, reaching speeds of up to 60km / h, controlled only by tilting the body.
The board was so different that Šula had to come up with a new sport, a motosurf, and a race for him - the Motosurf World Cup.
Because Jet Surfy is a revolutionary innovation in motorsport, they are quickly gaining in popularity.
No wonder surfing, which does not need waves or wind is an amazing relaxation, sport, experience.
The board is 180 cm long, 60 cm wide and 15 cm high, which with a weight of only 15 kg and fuel means that the Jetsurf is literally the only motorsport where you take your machine in a bag on your back and for the price of a regular ticket you can ride in incredible places worldwide.
fried carp breaded and served with a very rich potato salad and eaten on Christmas Eve
Coffee and tea are among the most popular choices when it comes to breakfast drinks in the Czech Republic.
Studies have found that most Czechs like to begin their day with a cup of hot tea (usually flavored with either sugar or honey and possibly lemon) or a cup of coffee.
Coffee is only slightly less popular than tea, with the most popular variety being the Czech specialty known as turecká káva (English: Turkish coffee). Turecká káva is a Czech version of coffee which is prepared by pouring boiling water over finely ground coffee beans.
Within the Czech Republic, about 80% of the coffee is prepared this way in about 90% of the homes, making it the most popular choice.
Karlovy Vary is a spa city in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 48,000 inhabitants. It lies on the confluence of the rivers Ohře and Teplá, approximately 130 km (81 mi) west of Prague.
It is named after Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and the King of Bohemia, who founded the city in 1370.
It is the site of numerous hot springs (13 main springs, about 300 smaller springs, and the warm-water Teplá River), and is the most visited spa town in the Czech Republic.
Until 1945, when the German-speaking inhabitants were expelled, the city was overwhelmingly German-speaking.
Elementary school is mandatory for children from ages six to fifteen.
After that, some students leave formal education altogether, while other students attend a professional or vocational school.
Enrollment in public schools is fairly high
Krušné hory The Ore Mountains or Ore Mountain Range have formed a natural border between Bohemia and Saxony for around 800 years, from the 12th to the 20th centuries.
Today, the border between the Czech Republic and Germany runs just north of the main crest of the mountain range. The highest peaks are the Klínovec in the Czech Republic (German: Keilberg), which rises to 1,244 metres (4,081 ft) above sea level and the Fichtelberg in Germany (1,215 metres (3,986 ft)). Krišné hory are passing on North to Labské pískovce (Elbe Sandstones).
You can admire here passes, towers and unique „rock towns“ built by original inhabitants.
This region belongs to those protected and names National Park of Czech Switzerland. The favourable geological conditions in this area caused that in the old era of Stone Age the bands of mammoth- hunters there were living, and later the farmers colonized the valleys of Ohře and Elbe rivers.
The area played an important role in contributing Bronze Age ore, and as the setting of the earliest stages of the early modern transformation of mining and metallurgy from a craft to a large-scale industry, a process that preceded and enabled the later Industrial Revolution.
In 2019 the region became a UNESCO World Heritage site, the following 22 mines or mining complexes were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List as the Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region
The Krušné Mountains are like the Klondike of the Czech Republic. Famed for their silver mines, plus their large deposits of uranium and tin, these peaks were inhabited by tough characters who earned their daily crust extracting precious ores from the bowels of the Earth. When the Sudeten Germans were driven out of the region after WWII, the Krušné Mountains became a kind of no-man’s land. Drawn out hills extend across the landscape and thick woodland, widescreen views and a dense network of trails once again draw people here to get active, visit historical towns in the foothills and take a cure at the local spas.
The second dish (main course, hlavní jídlo) of a meal is (in the traditional cuisine) often the famous heavy and fatty part, very often based on pork, but also beef, chicken, duck, or other meat. Important part of most main courses is side-dish (the whole dish including the side-dish is served on one plate) - usually cooked or baked potatoes, fries, rice, pasta or the most typical side-dish of the Czech cuisine - knedlíky.
To make Smažený vepřový rízek, cuts of pork are pounded until thin and even. They are then coated in breadcrumbs, flour, and eggs.
Each cut of breaded pork is lastly fried in vegetable oil or pork fat, until golden, with a crunchy exterior.
This flavorsome Czech dish is served with lemon, fresh parsley, boiled or mashed potatoes, or potato salad.
Some versions of Smažený vepřový rízek include marinating the pork slices in lemon juice for around half an hour before being coated in breadcrumbs.
If you’re not a lover of pork, you can also try the chicken version of this dish, smažený kuřecí rízek.
Also try traditional beer snacks, often the only food served in some pubs (hospoda, pivnice), and designed to be washed down by a good beer:
If you want a warm, bigger, and more complicated meal which goes excellently with beer, get some of the typical Czech meals based on fatty meat (pork, duck, or goose) with sauerkraut and knedlíky (dumplings). Another excellent option is a whole pork knee with horseradish and bread (ovarové koleno s křenem).
For spirits, try Becherovka (herb liqueur, similar to Jägermeister, tastes of a mixtures of cloves and cinnamon, and drunk as a digestive),
slivovice (plum brandy, very popular as a pick-me-up), hruškovice (pear brandy, less fiery than Slivovice), and so on.
Spirits are made out of almost every kind of fruit (Plums, Peaches, Cherries, Sloes, etc.).
Czech unique tuzemský rum (made from sugar beet, not from sugar cane as the Cuban rum, sold under brands like Tuzemák to conform with EU market rules). Be careful as all are about 40% alcohol.
The conception of Becherovka begins with the insight of a skilled businessman, Josef Vitus Becher (1769-1840). Besides his business with seasoing and colonial goods at his shop called at Three woodlarks', he had a special interest in crafting spirits. In 1794 he rented a wine distillery and started to experiment with liquers. Following in the legacy of his family, he also worked in the field of the public affairs, as boht a counselor and mayor. Josef was married twice, his first wife dying of pneumonia, and had sixteen children collectively. Only 5 daughters and 2 sons lived longer than he did. Josef's business practice was taken over by Johann (Jan) Nepomuk Becher in 1838.
1805
Prince Maximilian Friedrich von Plettenberg came to Carlsbad in 1805 to be cured of an ailment. He was accompanied by his personal doctor, Dr. Christian Frobrig, hailing from England. Dr. Frobrig was a frequent visitor at Jan Becher's. They frequently met to discuss herbs, and their many healing powers. When Dr. Frobrig left, he gave Jan Becher the gift of a new, revolutionary liqueur recipe. Jan Becher tested this very same recipe many times over the course of two years before he began selling it in 1807 as "English Bitter," aimed to cure stomach illness.
https://becherovka.com/en/history
Czechs like sweets but consumer patterns are different compared to France, USA or the UK.
As everywhere some traditional treats have become a mass-market production for tourists, others are pretty difficult to find.
The first stage covers the first five years of formal education. Classes are taught by a single teacher, although there is sometimes a separate foreign language or physical education teacher.
The subjects taught are Czech and include one foreign language (usually English), mathematics, computer science, history, geography, science, art, music, physical education, and handcrafts.
There is usually a first stage school in every village; in small villages, several grades may be taught in one class.
Pork knee is the key ingredient of Vepřové koleno. Czech cooks even leave the bone in the meat, once it has been plated.The meat is very tender. It is marinated in dark beer to enhance the flavor, and eaten off the bone.This succulent Czech meat dish is served with bread, pickles, horseradish, or spinach and potato dumplings. It is a Czech food that meat-eaters will thoroughly enjoy.
Knedlíky (usually translated as dumplings)
come in many different kinds. Most kinds are used as side-dish, however some kinds with filling are used as dish by itself.
The most common type, always used as side-dish, are houskové knedlíky (bread dumplings).
These are cooked in a shape of a cylinder, which is then cut into round slices about 8 cm in diameter remotely resembling white bread. Houskové knedlíky are served with Czech classics such as guláš, similar to Hungarian goulash but with a thinner sauce and less spicy; Svíčková na smetaně, beef sirloin with a creamy root vegetable (carrot, celeriac, parsnip) sauce, served with a tablespoon of cranberry sauce, a slice of orange and whipped cream; Vepřová pečeně se zelím a knedlíkem locally named as Vepřo-knedlo-zelo, the combination of roast pork, knedlíky and sauerkraut
Another common kind is bramborové knedlíky (potato dumplings), the slices are smaller, more yellow in color, and are also always served as a side-dish. A typical combination is roasted meet (pork or lamb for example) with spinach.
Potatoe salad
Important part of most main courses is side-dish (the whole dish including the side-dish is served on one plate) - usually cooked or baked potatoes, fries, rice, pasta or the most typical side-dish of the Czech cuisine - knedlíky.
There is also Children's Day on 1 June, which is not considered a holiday, but children are usually taken on (school) trips (one day or more) and other cultural activities.
The Karlovy Vary International Film Festival ) is a film festival held annually in July in Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic.
The Karlovy Vary Festival is one of the oldest in the world and has become Central and Eastern Europe's leading film event.
The Karlovy Vary IFF first held an international film competition in 1948. Since 1951, an international jury has evaluated the films.
The Karlovy Vary competition quickly found a place among other developing festivals and by 1956 FIAPF had already classified Karlovy Vary as a category A festival.
Crystal Globe (Czech: Křišťálový glóbus) is the main award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, first given in the Czech Republic city of Karlovy Vary in 1948.
IFFKV presents the following awards in the international film competition,:[1]
Official selection awards
Other awards
Moravský vrabec is a popular Czech dish, meaning ‘Moravian sparrow’ in English.
Originating from the Moravian region of Slovakia, this wholesome dish consists of pork, sauerkraut, and dumplings.
The meat is taken from a cut with a higher fat content, such as the shoulder, and cut into small chunks. The pork chunks are marinated and roasted.
When it comes to the other two main ingredients, they can vary in type. Some chefs and cooks prefer using bread dumplings and red cabbage, while others prefer potato dumplings and white cabbage.
Moravian Sparrow is a rich and filling dish, so don’t plan an active afternoon if you have it for lunch.
Finding a vegetarian meal in the Czech Republic is not as difficult now as it once was. In tourist areas at least, such as Prague and the Bohemian Paradise, most restaurant menus contain a vegetarian meals category (bezmasá jídla or vegetariánská jídla) with 2-3 options. People may have their own interpretation of 'vegetarian' though, and it is not uncommon to find dishes such as 'broccoli bacon' or prawns listed under 'vegetarian meals'.In traditional restaurants the choice in vegetarian food is usually limited to fried cheese, dumplings (knedlíky), omelette, potatoes (cooked, baked, fried or as 'potato pancakes') and sometimes a Greek salad or cooked vegetables. Vegetables practically always have to be ordered separately, even if they appear to be part of the dish: e.g. the vegetables listed in a menu option called 'potato pancakes with vegetables' are most likely a garniture consisting of a few leaves of lettuce and a slice of tomato.
Bigger towns have foreign cuisine restaurants, mostly Italian and Chinese, which can serve you meat-free dishes such as vegetarian pasta.
There is a planty of varieties of Czech original sweets you can buy on daily basis in the shops:
Buscuits and candies typical for the Crechs are:
The Budějovický Budvar Brewery was established in 1895. Budweiser Budvar pale lager is the most important and best-known beer produced by the brewery, exported to more than 70 countries.
Budějovický Budvar makes up about a quarter of the total Czech beer exports. The brewery continues the tradition of brewing original České Budějovice beer, which is 750 years old and uses tried-and-tested procedures and exclusively original ingredients.
Thanks to it, České Budějovice beer boasts a Protected Geographical Indication.
The next four years of elementary school form the second stage, the last compulsory stage in education.
Subjects taught at this stage include Czech, literature, two foreign languages, mathematics, computer science, history, geography, civics, physics, biology, chemistry, music, art, physical education, and handcrafts.
Some of these subjects are only mandatory in grades eight and nine.
While unknown in many other countries, there are many fishing ponds in South Bohemia (and Czechia in general on a smaller scale). These are of varying sizes, from small pools in the middle of a forest to large water dams navigable by boat. The biggest of these ponds is Rožumberk near Třeboň.
While fish ponds are still used for fishing (common carp being the most common fish here), they have many more uses today such as swimming, boating and water sports. If you bike, hike, or drive in South Bohemia's forests, it is likely you will come across some ponds.
For such occasions, it is always good to have your swimming gear ready! The water is usually warm enough to swim, just check if it is clear enough; sometimes fishermen put fish food into the water that makes it unsafe for humans to swim in.
In late autumn, you can see the ponds being fished, whereby all the water is poured out, the carp are picked up and placed in large water tanks and then sold at Christmas markets in towns, often alive. Common carp meat is served as traditional dinner on Christmas Eve. You can also get it every day in Třeboň.
ROYAL CITY AT THE CONFLUENCE OF RIVERS
King Ottokar II of Bohemia founded the city of České Budějovice at the confluence of the Malše and Vltava rivers in 1265 České Budějovice.
The ground plan of the newly developed city was brilliantly surveyed by Burgrave Hirzo of Zvíkov, with a square 133 x 137 meters flanked by a checkerboard grid of streets. Two churches and numerous townhouses were built around the square, including the city hall. The whole city was encircled with walls and fortified towers and three city gates.
Immediately after its founding, České Budějovice became a political and economic capital of South Bohemia and a mainstay of royal power.
King Charles IV boosted its privileges in the 14th century, and so the city became a center of trade and crafts. Its wealth was further expanded by silver mining and minting in nearby Rudolfov.
The fortified city stood aside from the Hussite pressure and its economic upswing was only harmed blemished by the Thirty Years’ War and a large fire in the second half of the 17th century. The city renewal continued for decades in the Baroque style and changed its architectural character. A number of ecclesiastic buildings and institutions, such as the bishop’s residence, as well as secular structures were built in the city.
The industrial advances of the 19th century brought a lot of changes in transport and production. The first horse-drawn railroad car departed from České Budějovice to Linz in 1832, the very first ofits kind on the European continent. The new factories included a pencil works, an enamel works, a tobacco factory, and breweries.
The twentieth century brought far-reaching changes in all aspects of life. The city has numerous examples of modern 1920s and 1930s architecture. The population grew close to 100 thousand in the late 20th century.
The first horse-drawn railroad car departed from České Budějovice to Linz in 1832, the very first of its kind on the European continent
Grade levels in the eight-year academy are usually called by Latin numbers; year one is prima (the first in Latin), year two is sekunda, and so on
The city’s advantageous location at the center of the region and the great number of marked hiking and cycling routes make it possible to explore attractive cultural and natural sites in the surroundings. Located nearby is Neo-Gothic Hluboká Castle with rich collections of art in its interiors, and the Renaissance spa town of Třeboň.
The sites included on the UNESCO World Heritage List are definitely worth a visit:
Holašovice with its vernacular Baroque architecture, and the historic gem of Český Krumlov.
Nature lovers will appreciate the Blanský Les hills with the highest point Kleť, the Třeboň fishpond district and the Novohradské Mountains.
breaded deep-fried edam (the most popular cheese in the Czech Republic) served with boiled potatoes or french fries and tartar sauce
it is an open-face sandwich, which can be bought in a deli or is being prepared during many families celebrations, chlebíčky consist of sliced bread that has butter or another kind of spread on it, atop which a variety of toppings may be added.
Toppings used on obložené chlebíčky include various cured meats such as ham, salami and sausage, sliced hard-boiled egg, cheeses, cream cheese, cucumber, tomato, fish paste, salads and various spreads prepared with meat, vegetables or cheeses.
('potatoes to be peeled') is a cheap and simple meal usually made in the countryside. Whole unpeeled potatoes are cooked in a big pot and put in the pot itself or a bowl on the table. You just take a hot potato from the pot, peel it yourself, put some salt, butter, and/or curd (tvaroh) on it and eat it. Drink it down with lot of cold milk. For such a simply meal it can be incredibly tasty, especially when eaten in the countryside after a day spent outside and chatting over it.
Also try the wide variety of rich cream cakes usually found in a Kavárna (a cafe), or a Cukrárna (a shop which sells all things sweet together with ice cream and drinks, found throughout the Czech Republic and often the only place open in small towns and villages on Sundays). Czech cakes are similar to their Viennese cousins due to the shared history of both countries under the Austro-Hungarian empire. Also sample Vídeňská káva (Viennese coffee), coffee served with a mountain of whipped cream.
Přemysl Otakar II Square is famous for its regular square shape and an area of more than a hectare.
This makes it one of the largest square town squares in the Czech Republic. It is named for the founder of the town, King Ottokar II of Bohemia, in 1265.
The square was marked out at the founding of the town. It is made even more interesting by the 48 Baroque and Renaissance townhouses with arcades along its perimeter.
All the houses, except the Town Hall, used to belong to the wealthiest burghers and nobility. They still stand on their medieval plots and have Gothic cores for the most part.
Their present-day appearance dates to the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Since the founding of the town, the square has served as the primary landmark, a place for markets, secular and religious festivals, and executions.
The exact location of the execution place can still be determined in the square by the so-called Lost Rock, the only remainder of the original pavement. It is a few steps from Samson Fountain (where the pillory used to stand).
The Bohemian Forest, known in Czech as Šumava and in German as Böhmerwald, is a low mountain range in Central Europe.
.Šumava, also the "Bohemian Forest" or "Böhmerwald", is a mountain range in Central Europe. It extends from the Czech Republic to Austria and Germany.Šumava National Park is a great place for hiking, cycling, cross-country skiing and generally spending time in beautiful, unspoiled nature.
The Dominican monastery with the Church of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary ranks among the oldest and most valuable heritage sites in České Budějovice, and is located in Piarist Square, which was previously a Dominican cemetery until the mid- 18th century.
The construction started simultaneously with the founding of the city in 1265 and continued for several decades. The burgrave of Zvíkov, represented by Ottokar II of Bohemia, gave the Dominicans a suitable piece of land and a meadow opposite the church across the river. The latter was intended for a garden to give the monastery peace. The monastery was part of the city fortification line. The unfinished church was consecrated already in 1274 for church services.
However, the monastery itself took relatively long to build piece by piece. It was only completed after 1380, when the Well Chapel protruding from its square footprint was finished.
The church interior contains remains of precious decorative paintings from the 14th and 15th centuries (such as the ten-meter-tall figure of St Christopher, St Dorothea, Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St George). There are precious murals in the cloister as well.
A monastery building with a Gothic ambulatory connects to the Church of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary to the south. Inside the convent is a garth, surrounded on all sides by a beautiful cloister. The monastery tour includes the White Tower, dating from the Late Gothic period, with a Baroque cupola and a prominent feature of the cityscape to this day with a height of 51 meters. The five Baroque statues in the monastery garden, made by Josef Dietrich, are also unique. They were originally situated by the entrance to the monastery church. Tradition says that the sculptor gave the statue of St Joseph his own face.
On Easter Monday it is customary for guys to (slightly) spank girls and women with a wicker stick with colourful ribbons at the end (pomlázka), in the hope that the girls and women will in turn give them coloured eggs, candy or drinks.
In the morning, men gently spank women with a special handmade whip or switch called pomlázka or karabáč (in Czech) or korbáč (in Slovak) or siba or korbács (in Hungarian). The pomlázka consists of four to twenty-four withies (willow rods or other twigs), is usually from half a meter to two meters long and decorated with coloured ribbons at the end.
If men arrive at women's houses after 12 o'clock, women throw a bucket of cold water on them. In some regions the men also douse girls with water or spray perfume on them.
When going house to house, the male first sings a verse relating to eggs and spring themes like bountifulness and fertility, the young woman turns around and the man takes a few whacks at her backside with the whip. The spanking may be painful, but is not intended to cause suffering. In cities, it's usually practised only among family members.
In the past, young boys would chase young girls on the village streets with the whips, and vintage illustrations of people in traditional dress show girls running or hiding. Playful running around, similar to the game of tag, still occurs, but aggressive ambushing is now considered unacceptable bullying by the modern generation.
Tradition says that women should be spanked with a whip in order to keep their health, beauty and fertility throughout the following year.
According to 2019 survey, 60% of Czech households follow the tradition of spanking (or watering) someone on Easter Monday
Everyone who visits České Budějovice should not miss a tour of this striking dominant feature of the city – the Black Tower.
Its construction in 1550-1577 was supposed to reflect the city’s economic upswing.
Led by Italian master builders, it rose to then unprecedented height of 72.25 meters. The tower doubled as a belfry and watchtower, continuously guarding the city of České Budějovice from the risk of fire.
January 6 is the Feast of the Three Kings. In many Czech and Slovak villages, boys dress up as the three wise men “Kaspar, Balthazar and Melchior”.
With a piece of chalk the boys write K + B + M (or K + M + B) above the doorways on houses, where people donate money for charity. This brings blessings on that home and its family for a year. The chalk letters should never be cleaned off, but only replaced the next year.
This is also usually the day the Christmas tree is taken down
The Ride of the Kings is celebrated in Spring, at the Pentecost, in Moravia, the south-east of the Czech Republic.
It takes place in the region historically known as Moravian Slovakia.
It is celebrated annually in the village of Vlčnov (pop.3,000), every three years in Hluk (pop.4,400), every two years in Kunovice (pop.5,500), and occasionally in Skoronice (pop.550) as part of another festival called the “Slovácký rok” (Slovak Year).
Until World War II, the Ride was an integral part of the Feast of Pentecost, but has since become largely a social event.
The ceremony begins with a religious service and the approval of the Mayor, followed by the preparation of the costumes and decorations for the horses and riders.
These are made by the women of the villages, according to traditional colors and designs unique to each place.
The habit has its roots in the pagan age, when the boys competed among themselves in the expulsion of cattle. The best was crowned the king.
Others see their roots in the escape of Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus from George of Podebrady. In order not to reveal his appearance and speech, he dressed in a woman’s costume and put a rose in his mouth.
Grammar school is either a continuation of an eight- and six-year academy or part of a four-year grammar school for elementary school graduates.
Four-year grammar schools are either generally oriented or focus on physical or music education.
The generally oriented grammar schools can decide on a specialization.
The subjects are the same as in the second stage of elementary schools but are obligatory only in grade ten and eleven (mathematics also in grade twelve, Czech and two foreign languages until grade thirteen).
Schools can make these subjects obligatory in the last two years of school, or the students can have more elective subjects than the legally required minimum.
Grammar school graduates have no qualification; the aim of this type of school is a preparation for university studies.
On the last April evening, bonfires are lit around the country. 'Witch' figurines, as a symbol of evil, are made and burned in the fire.
This is the reinterpretation of the old pagan festival (Beltane) influenced by Christian inquisition.
Because probably most Czechs would prefer the witches over the inquisitors, in many fires no witches are burnt, and the feast is celebrated in a more original pagan way - witches are those who should celebrate the night, not be burnt. It doesn't stop jokes like 'Honey, hide or you will be burnt tonight!'
On this day, St. Mikuláš roams about with his consorts, an angel and a devil. He gives small presents and candy to children to reward them for their good behaviour throughout the year, while the devil chastises children for their wrongdoings over the course of the year and gives them potatoes, coal (or sometimes spankings) as a punishment.
A professional school lasts four years and awards a maturita qualification.
There is a large variety of industrial and technical skills covered including technical chemistry, electrical engineering, agriculture, internet technology, or business.
A lyceum is a professional high school that teaches a more general curriculum; academic subjects like history and geography are taught more thoroughly than in an ordinary professional school.
Types of lyceum include technical, pedagogical, medical, scientific, and military
| Date | English Name | Czech Name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 January | New Year's Day | Den obnovy samostatného českého státu; Nový rok | Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. |
| March, April | Good Friday | Velký pátek | Good Friday is public holiday since 2016. |
| March, April | Easter Monday | Velikonoční pondělí | |
| 1 May | Labour Day | Svátek práce | |
| 8 May | Liberation Day | Den vítězství or Den osvobození | 1945, the end of the European part of World War II |
| 5 July | Saints Cyril and Methodius Day | Den slovanských věrozvěstů Cyrila a Metoděje | In 863, Church teachers St. Cyril (Constantine) and Metoděj (Methodius) came from the Balkans to Great Moravia to propagate Christian faith and literacy. |
| 6 July | Jan Hus Day | Den upálení mistra Jana Husa | The religious reformer Jan Hus was burned at the stake in 1415. |
| 28 September | Czech Statehood Day [cs] | Den české státnosti | In 935, St. Wenceslas, Duke of Bohemia, now patron of the Czech State, was murdered by his brother. |
| 28 October | Czech Independence Day | Den vzniku samostatného československého státu | Independence Day and Creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918. |
| 17 November | Struggle for Freedom and Democracy Day | Den boje za svobodu a demokracii | Commemorating the student demonstration against Nazi occupation in 1939, and the demonstration in 1989 that started the Velvet Revolution. |
| 24 December | Christmas Eve | Štědrý den | Christmas is celebrated during the evening of the 24th. |
| 25 December | Christmas Day | 1. svátek vánoční | |
| 26 December | St. Stephen's Day (Czech: "The Second Christmas Day") | 2. svátek vánoční |
Basic professional training of musicians is provided by the conservatoires in the Czech Republic, where students at the age of fourteen start attending a 6-year programme (pre-college education).
At present, there are fourteen public conservatoires, one private conservatoire and three church conservatoires in the Czech Republic.
Their graduates are qualified to teach at Music Schools (Basic Schools of Art) and their training is usually sufficient to be accepted in one of the symphony orchestras.
The Jaroslav Ježek Conservatoire in Prague offers education in popular music, jazz and musical drama.
The needs of the church are covered by the church secondary school for organ players and by the church conservatoire in Kromĕříž, Opava and Olomouc.
In the Czech Republic, conservatoires are not considered as higher music education institutions (but a secondary level, pre-college educational institutions).
Special schools for developmentally disabled children unable to participate in mainstream elementary education were once common in the Czech Republic.
The subjects taught were very limited, meaning that leavers were logistically unable to continue on to all types of secondary education.
A student required a reference from an educational psychologist and the agreement of parents to enroll in a special school.
Special schools were replaced by elementary and practical schools, though the problem of the over-representation of Romani pupils continues. There are elementary practical schools usually taught in the same institution.
These teach the equivalent of the first and second stages and one- to two-year secondary courses after the age of fifteen.
The education is mainly practical to teach students to be self-sufficient. Meanwhile, "integrated education" of under-performing or mentally handicapped children in ordinary schools with the support of a special teacher is becoming more common.
Secondary technical and vocational education with school-leaving exam, SOŠ, SPŠ
Some vocational schools offer an academic maturita qualification in addition to the vocational certificate allowing progression to university.
These schools last four years like any other school offering the maturita, and the student must pass both sets of exams to graduate.
Maturita is the name of the universal leaving qualification of four-year secondary schools and is a requirement for university studies and higher professional schools.
It is made up of a number of subjects.
Every student must take Czech language and world literature, consisting of a reading and grammar exam, a writing exam, and a literature oral exam.
The second subject must be either mathematics or a foreign language (English, German, French, Spanish or Russian, including writing, reading, speaking and listening, to B1 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages).
The exams for these mandatory subjects are standardized and set by CERMAT. The other two or three exams taken by the student at this time are dictated by the school.
Secondary education with apprenticeship certificate
SOU
Vocational certificates are given after a two- or three-year course and a final exam, though there are different types of qualifications depending on the profession.
There are also two-year vocational courses that do not offer a certificate.
There is a possibility of takong just a 2 year follow up preparatory course to pass the school leaving exam.
University education takes from 2 to 6 years, depending on the degree of studies:
Formerly, also other titles were used:
The University of Defence (in Czech: Univerzita obrany, UO) is the only military institution of higher education of the Czech Armed Forces. Established as of 1 September 2004, it was formed by merging three existing institutions: Military Academy Brno (established in 1951), the Military University of the Ground Forces Vyškov (established in 1947) and the Military Medical Academy Hradec Králové (re-established in 1988).
Unlike public universities, as a state institution with limited authority the University of Defence is the only university-type school in the Czech Republic that is not a legal entity but an element in the Ministry of Defence structure. Thus, the rights of the Minister of Education towards the public universities are performed by the Minister of Defence.
University of Defence is responsible for education of military professionals and experts engaged in national security system, defence industry and public administration. The available Bachelor’s, Master’s and doctoral degree programmes, both in full- and part-time mode, focus on military and national security fields.
University of Defence represents the Army of the Czech Republic’s defence and security research and development centre. The fields of science fostered at the University of Defence primarily relate to defence applied research, to forces and population protection, or the economics or medicine fields applied to military. In the Czech Republic, they are exclusive fields,[such as weapons and ammunition, fighting vehicles, radars, population protection, fire support control, field surgery, radiobiology or toxicology.
The University of Defence consists of three faculties:
and an institute and three centres:
The Police Education and Training Unit (PETU) was established in 2015 and is the leading agency regarding all education and training of the police forces for the Czech Republic.
In the Czech Republic, the Police Academy is a university-level institution, where specialised training for police, public administration, and private security services is provided.
Some branches are open to civilians while some are only for police officers and other para-military groups such as firefighters and soldiers.
The schools are open to recruits holding advanced educational degrees (bachelor's degree or higher).
Basic training centers for recruits are called "secondary police schools" and every law enforcement officer must advance through one of these centres.
In this system, "senior police schools" still exist that have the educational status of "higher learning", where specialisations are offered.
Municipal police may have access to several training centers, and some larger cities have their own dedicated campuses.
Some municipalities conduct training through privately licensed agencies.
Higher professional schools (vyšší odborná škola, VOŠ) offer professional tertiary education and are usually connected with professional high schools.
Before their graduation, students must take final exams (absolutorium) and write a final thesis.
Graduates are entitled to use the honorific "DiS." (diplomovaný specialista, specialist with diploma) after their name.
For private universities, annual tuition is between 2,000 and 3,000 euro and for BSBA and MBA (not accredited by Ministry of Education) study programs cost between 3,000 and 10,000 euro.
The perceived quality of education at public universities is higher than private institutions, as private universities have undergone many scandals in recent years.
Czech-language study at public universities is unlimited and free for first-time attendants; however after the age of 26, the attendant will not receive student status from social services and the individual's health insurance will not be state-funded.
Czech public universities also host international students, who have the choice of free instruction in Czech or paid instruction in English.
The oldest university in the Czech Republic is the Charles University in Prague (Charles University) - founded in 1348 by Bohemian king and Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV..
After 1989 most of separate faculties in regional cities became standalone universities. They usually bear name of the region. Technology universities in Ostrava, Pilsen and Liberec opened more faculties and branches of study, including humanities, and changed their names.
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