Exercises on scales and colours

library(tidyverse)
library(gapminder)
geo <- read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-numbers/ddf--gapminder--fasttrack/master/ddf--entities--geo--country.csv")
glimpse(geo)
## Rows: 273
## Columns: 21
## $ country                <chr> "abkh", "abw", "afg", "ago", "aia", "akr_a_dhe…
## $ g77_and_oecd_countries <chr> "others", "others", "g77", "g77", "others", "o…
## $ income_groups          <chr> NA, "high_income", "low_income", "lower_middle…
## $ `is--country`          <lgl> TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE…
## $ iso3166_1_alpha2       <chr> NA, "AW", "AF", "AO", "AI", NA, "AX", "AL", "A…
## $ unicode_region_subtag  <chr> NA, "AW", "AF", "AO", "AI", NA, "AX", "AL", "A…
## $ iso3166_1_alpha3       <chr> NA, "ABW", "AFG", "AGO", "AIA", NA, "ALA", "AL…
## $ iso3166_1_numeric      <dbl> NA, 533, 4, 24, 660, NA, 248, 8, 20, NA, 784, …
## $ iso3166_2              <chr> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
## $ landlocked             <chr> NA, "coastline", "landlocked", "coastline", "c…
## $ latitude               <dbl> NA, 12.50000, 33.00000, -12.50000, 18.21667, N…
## $ longitude              <dbl> NA, -69.96667, 66.00000, 18.50000, -63.05000, …
## $ main_religion_2008     <chr> NA, "christian", "muslim", "christian", "chris…
## $ name                   <chr> "Abkhazia", "Aruba", "Afghanistan", "Angola", …
## $ un_state               <lgl> FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,…
## $ world_4region          <chr> "europe", "americas", "asia", "africa", "ameri…
## $ world_6region          <chr> "europe_central_asia", "america", "south_asia"…
## $ unicef_region          <chr> NA, NA, "sa", "ssa", NA, NA, NA, "eca", "eca",…
## $ income_3groups         <chr> NA, "high_income", "low_income", "middle_incom…
## $ un_sdg_region          <chr> NA, "un_latin_america_and_the_caribbean", "un_…
## $ un_sdg_ldc             <chr> NA, "un_not_least_developed", "un_least_develo…
geo <- geo %>% dplyr::select(country, income_groups, main_religion_2008,
                             name, world_6region)
glimpse(geo)
## Rows: 273
## Columns: 5
## $ country            <chr> "abkh", "abw", "afg", "ago", "aia", "akr_a_dhe", "…
## $ income_groups      <chr> NA, "high_income", "low_income", "lower_middle_inc…
## $ main_religion_2008 <chr> NA, "christian", "muslim", "christian", "christian…
## $ name               <chr> "Abkhazia", "Aruba", "Afghanistan", "Angola", "Ang…
## $ world_6region      <chr> "europe_central_asia", "america", "south_asia", "s…
marriage1 <- read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-numbers/ddf--gapminder--systema_globalis/master/countries-etc-datapoints/ddf--datapoints--age_at_1st_marriage_women--by--geo--time.csv")
glimpse(marriage1)
## Rows: 678
## Columns: 3
## $ geo                       <chr> "afg", "afg", "ago", "alb", "alb", "alb", "…
## $ time                      <dbl> 1979, 2005, 1970, 1946, 1955, 1970, 1989, 2…
## $ age_at_1st_marriage_women <dbl> 17.84, 17.84, 19.39, 21.52, 21.00, 21.50, 2…
mar1_geo <- dplyr::inner_join(marriage1, geo, by = c("geo" = "country"))  
glimpse(mar1_geo)  
## Rows: 678
## Columns: 7
## $ geo                       <chr> "afg", "afg", "ago", "alb", "alb", "alb", "…
## $ time                      <dbl> 1979, 2005, 1970, 1946, 1955, 1970, 1989, 2…
## $ age_at_1st_marriage_women <dbl> 17.84, 17.84, 19.39, 21.52, 21.00, 21.50, 2…
## $ income_groups             <chr> "low_income", "low_income", "lower_middle_i…
## $ main_religion_2008        <chr> "muslim", "muslim", "christian", "muslim", …
## $ name                      <chr> "Afghanistan", "Afghanistan", "Angola", "Al…
## $ world_6region             <chr> "south_asia", "south_asia", "sub_saharan_af…
mar1_comparison_time <- mar1_geo %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(past_20_years = 
                  dplyr::if_else(condition = time > 2000, true = TRUE, false = FALSE, missing = NA))
glimpse(mar1_comparison_time)
## Rows: 678
## Columns: 8
## $ geo                       <chr> "afg", "afg", "ago", "alb", "alb", "alb", "…
## $ time                      <dbl> 1979, 2005, 1970, 1946, 1955, 1970, 1989, 2…
## $ age_at_1st_marriage_women <dbl> 17.84, 17.84, 19.39, 21.52, 21.00, 21.50, 2…
## $ income_groups             <chr> "low_income", "low_income", "lower_middle_i…
## $ main_religion_2008        <chr> "muslim", "muslim", "christian", "muslim", …
## $ name                      <chr> "Afghanistan", "Afghanistan", "Angola", "Al…
## $ world_6region             <chr> "south_asia", "south_asia", "sub_saharan_af…
## $ past_20_years             <lgl> FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FA…

Interpret this plot and draw it yourself

Hints: